Producing lignite pitch from high-boiling semicoking tar

The heat treatment of high-boiling tar fractions from Berezovsk lignite (Kansk–Achinsk Basin) in a solid-fuel reactor to obtain lignite pitch is investigated. In addition, the use of the semicoke to reduce granulated phosphorus pellets from Dzhanatas ore is studied. The lignite pitch and semicoke may also be used in coking batch for the production of blast-furnace coke with improved properties; as binder in the production of domestic lignite-based fuel briquets; as binder in the sintering of Kovdorsk and Olenegorsk iron-ore concentrates at AO Severstal’; as binder in the production of anode masses for aluminum production; as binder in bricks and cold packing employed in the manufacture and sealing of electrolyzer hearths; and for pyrolysis with natural methane to increase the yield of ethylene.     

The use of metaknowledge in a decision-making support system implemented in the functional neural network formalism

This paper describes the development of the functional-neural-network (FN-network) formalism, which was worked out to create a range of information systems for the intelligent computer processing of heterogeneous data from various information sources and automated decision-making support systems. It considers the limitations of this formalism in solving the tasks when the time intervals at which a solution is searched for are given in the form of indefinite variables. A method is proposed for avoiding these limitations by entering knowledge about the internal structure of data (metaknowledge) on these intervals into the context of a solution and it is shown that the use of metaknowledge not only solves the problem, but also improves the efficiency of searching for a solution by attracting additional information from a knowledge base and the context of a task.     

Study of the Yield Stress and Ductility of Hardened Surface Layers of Metal Alloys by Indentation

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The mechanical properties possessed by surface layers of metal alloys hardened by severe plastic deformation methods were studied by indentation. The test...     

Model of Tool Wear in Deep Drilling

Parameter identification of the mathematical model of spiral-drill wear in deep drilling is considered. Wear is simulated by piecewise-linear approximation of the growth of drag torque in drilling. The diagnostic index selected is the constant component of the drag torque after the onset of drilling. The significance of the diagnostic index in determining the wear is demonstrated.     

Investigation of the field of a thin biconical antenna in the generation mode

A theoretical analysis of the structure of the field produced by a thin biconical antenna in the generation mode is presented. The conditions under which a biconical antenna can be used to produce a standard field are determined.     

National primary standard for the unit of magnetic field strength in the frequency range 0.01–30?MHz

The structure and results from studies of the updated national primary standard intended for reproduction and transfer of the unit of magnetic field strength to secondary standards and working means of measurement are described.     

Studying SARS-CoV-2 with Fluorescence Microscopy

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus deeply affected the world community. It gave a strong impetus to the development of not only approaches to diagnostics and therapy, but also fundamental research of the molecular biology of this virus. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technology enabling detailed investigation of virus–cell interactions in fixed and live samples with high specificity. While spatial resolution of conventional fluorescence microscopy is not sufficient to resolve all virus-related structures, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy can solve this problem. In this paper, we review the use of fluorescence microscopy to study SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. The prospects for the application of the recently developed advanced methods of fluorescence labeling and microscopy—which in our opinion can provide important information about the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2—are discussed.     

The effect of orientation on the shock response of a carbon fibre–epoxy composite

The effect of fibre orientation on the shock response of a two-dimensional carbon fibre–epoxy composite has been studied using the technique of plate impact. In the through-thickness orientation, it appears that the material behaves as though it is a simple polymer. When one of the fibre directions is orientated parallel to the loading axis, very different behaviour is observed. The stress pulse has a pronounced ramp, before at sufficiently high stresses, a much faster rising shock occurs above it. Examination of the wave velocities suggests that the start of the ramp travels at a near constant velocity of ca. 7.0 mm μs⁻¹, whilst the shock velocity in this orientation converges with that of the shock velocity of the through-thickness orientation. Therefore, we believe that the stress pulse is separated into a fast component that travels down the fibres, with the rest travelling at the shock velocity in the matrix between the 0° fibres (epoxy plus fibres normal to the loading axis). Finally, from the Hugoniot, we observed that at low shock intensities, the 0° orientation was significantly stiffer than the through-thickness orientation. As the severity of the shock increased, the Hugoniots of the two orientations converged. Therefore, it would appear that orientation only effects the shock equation of state at lower shock stresses.