Efficacy of carbohydrate sources for milk production by cows fed diets based on alfalfa silage

The effectiveness of three carbohydrate sources, high-moisture ear corn (HMEC), cracked shelled corn (CSC), and a 50:50 mixture of HMEC plus dried citrus pulp (DCP), fed with or without supplemental rumen-undegraded protein as expeller soybean meal (ESBM), was assessed in 48 multiparous dairy cows. All diets contained (dry mater [DM] basis) 50% alfalfa silage, 10% ryegrass silage, 28% NDF, and one of six concentrates: A) 38% HMEC; B) 38% CSC; C) 19% DCP plus 19% HMEC; D) 27% HMEC plus 12% ESBM; E) 27% CSC plus 12% ESBM; or F) 13% DCP, 13% HMEC, and 12% ESBM. Diets A, B, and C averaged 19% crude protein, of which 53% was nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and diets D, E, and F averaged 22% crude protein, of which 40% was NPN. Cows were fed a high-energy covariate diet for 2 wk, blocked into eight groups of six, based on covariate protein yield, then randomly assigned to diets that were fed for 12 wk. Feeding ESBM increased DM intake, yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, SNF, and milk and blood urea concentration and decreased weight loss. There were no production differences between HMEC and CSC. However, DM intake, yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, SNF, and milk SNF content all were lower on the diets containing DCP versus HMEC and CSC. A 6 x 6 Latin square trial conducted at the same time with six ruminally cannulated cows showed similar effects of diet on DM intake and milk production. Ruminal ammonia was elevated by ESBM but not ruminal total amino acids and branched-chain volatile fatty acids. Ruminal propionate was highest on HMEC diets and lowest on DCP diets; acetate, butyrate and acetate-to-propionate ratio were lowest on HMEC diets and highest on DCP diets. These results indicated that, compared to HMEC and CSC, feeding the pectin-rich carbohydrate source DCP altered ruminal fermentation but depressed intake and milk production in lactating cows.     

Encapsulated submillimeter piezoresistive accelerometers

While micromachined accelerometers are widely available and used in various applications, some biomedical applications require extremely small dimensions (相似文献   

AudioBrowser: a mobile browsable information access for the visually impaired

Although a large amount of research has been conducted on building interfaces for the visually impaired that allows users to read web pages and generate and access information on computers, little development addresses two problems faced by the blind users. First, sighted users can rapidly browse and select information they find useful, and second, sighted users can make much useful information portable through the recent proliferation of personal digital assistants (PDAs). These possibilities are not currently available for blind users. This paper describes an interface that has been built on a standard PDA and allows its user to browse the information stored on it through a combination of screen touches coupled with auditory feedback. The system also supports the storage and management of personal information so that addresses, music, directions, and other supportive information can be readily created and then accessed anytime and anywhere by the PDA user. The paper describes the system along with the related design choices and design rationale. A user study is also reported.     

Urokinase induces proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells: characterization of structural elements required for growth factor function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

IV. Referate

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Thermomechanical calculations related to thermally induced rock loosening in an underground cavity

Zones of loosening, together with failure probability and safety factors, can be used to characterize the stability of underground caverns. The effect of a cylindrical heat source on the surrounding rock salt has been investigated in an in situ test carried out in a rock salt mass at a depth of about 750 m. The results of the calculations were confirmed by comparison with the temperatures and displacements measured during the in situ experiment.