全文获取类型
收费全文 | 525473篇 |
免费 | 7113篇 |
国内免费 | 1466篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 9586篇 |
综合类 | 528篇 |
化学工业 | 78675篇 |
金属工艺 | 19964篇 |
机械仪表 | 15192篇 |
建筑科学 | 12662篇 |
矿业工程 | 2269篇 |
能源动力 | 14521篇 |
轻工业 | 47071篇 |
水利工程 | 5232篇 |
石油天然气 | 9335篇 |
武器工业 | 37篇 |
无线电 | 59945篇 |
一般工业技术 | 101768篇 |
冶金工业 | 103511篇 |
原子能技术 | 10574篇 |
自动化技术 | 43182篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3162篇 |
2021年 | 4895篇 |
2020年 | 3505篇 |
2019年 | 4555篇 |
2018年 | 7810篇 |
2017年 | 7609篇 |
2016年 | 7942篇 |
2015年 | 5572篇 |
2014年 | 9244篇 |
2013年 | 24067篇 |
2012年 | 14630篇 |
2011年 | 20144篇 |
2010年 | 15800篇 |
2009年 | 17696篇 |
2008年 | 18090篇 |
2007年 | 17778篇 |
2006年 | 15507篇 |
2005年 | 14210篇 |
2004年 | 13603篇 |
2003年 | 13403篇 |
2002年 | 12639篇 |
2001年 | 12832篇 |
2000年 | 11869篇 |
1999年 | 12599篇 |
1998年 | 32820篇 |
1997年 | 22897篇 |
1996年 | 17450篇 |
1995年 | 13035篇 |
1994年 | 11287篇 |
1993年 | 10976篇 |
1992年 | 7914篇 |
1991年 | 7418篇 |
1990年 | 7262篇 |
1989年 | 7013篇 |
1988年 | 6468篇 |
1987年 | 5765篇 |
1986年 | 5655篇 |
1985年 | 6265篇 |
1984年 | 5900篇 |
1983年 | 5170篇 |
1982年 | 4900篇 |
1981年 | 4966篇 |
1980年 | 4705篇 |
1979年 | 4609篇 |
1978年 | 4408篇 |
1977年 | 5336篇 |
1976年 | 6971篇 |
1975年 | 3797篇 |
1974年 | 3550篇 |
1973年 | 3665篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
A beam propagation method (BPM) based on the finite element method (FEM) is described for longitudinally varying three-dimensional (3-D) optical waveguides. In order to avoid nonphysical reflections from the computational window edges, the transparent boundary condition is introduced. The present algorithm using the Pade approximation is, to our knowledge, the first wide-angle finite element beam propagation method for 3-D waveguide structures. To show the validity and usefulness of this approach, numerical results are shown for Gaussian-beam excitation of a straight rib waveguide and guided-mode propagation in a Y-branching rib waveguide 相似文献
72.
Neviani A. Meneghesso G. Zanoni E. Hafizi M. Canali C. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》1997,18(12):619-621
Impact ionization is a major limiting factor to the maximum operating voltage of InGaAs-based, high-speed transistors. In this work, data on the positive temperature dependence of the electron impact ionization coefficient αn in In0.53Ga0.47As at medium-low electric fields are reported for the first time. The increase of αn with temperature is opposite to the behavior normally observed in most semiconductors. This anomalous behavior implies the onset of a positive feedback between power dissipation and avalanche generation which may adversely affect the power handling capability of In0.53Ga 0.47As-based devices, and which should be taken into account in device thermal modeling. In the experimental procedure, based on the measurement of the multiplication factor M-1 in npn In0.53Ga 0.47As/InP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT), particular care has been taken in order to rule out possible spurious, temperature-dependent contributions to the measured multiplication current 相似文献
73.
Douay M. Xie W.X. Taunay T. Bernage P. Niay P. Cordier P. Poumellec B. Dong L. Bayon J.F. Poignant H. Delevaque E. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》1997,15(8):1329-1342
A comprehensive survey of photosensitivity in silica glasses and optical fiber is reviewed. Recent work on understanding the mechanisms contributing to germanium or aluminum doped fiber photosensitivity is discussed within the framework of photoelastic densification models 相似文献
74.
Watanabe H. Komori J. Higashitani K. Sekine M. Koyama H. 《Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》1997,10(2):228-232
A novel monitoring method for plasma-charging damage is proposed. This method performs a quick and accurate evaluation using antenna PMOSFET. It was found that not only hot-carrier (HC) lifetime but transistor parameters such as initial gate current and substrate current were changed according to the degree of plasma-charging damage. However, the present work suggests that monitoring the shift of drain current after a few seconds of HC stress is a more accurate method to indicate plasma-charging damage. The monitoring method using the present test structure is demonstrated to be useful for realizing highly reliable devices 相似文献
75.
Escherichia coli K4 bacteria synthesize a capsule polysaccharide (GalNAc-GlcA(fructose))n with the carbohydrate backbone identical to chondroitin. GlcA- and GalNAc-transferase activities from the bacterial membrane were assayed with acceptors derived from the capsule polysaccharide and radiolabeled UDP-[14C]GlcA and UDP-[3H]GalNAc, respectively. It was shown that defructosylated oligosaccharides (chondroitin) could serve as substrates for both the GlcA- and the GalNAc-transferases. The radiolabeled products were completely degraded with chondroitinase AC; the [14C]GlcA unit could be removed by beta-D-glucuronidase, and the [3H]GalNAc could be removed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase. A fructosylated oligosaccharide acceptor tested for GlcA-transferase activity was found to be inactive. These results indicate that the chain elongation reaction of the K4 polysaccharide proceeds in the same way as the polymerization of the chondroitin chain, by the addition of the monosaccharide units one by one to the nonreducing end of the polymer. This makes the biosynthesis of the K4 polysaccharide an interesting parallel system for studies of chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. In the biosynthesis of capsule polysaccharides from E. coli, a similar mechanism has earlier been demonstrated for polysialic acid (NeuNAc)n (Rohr, T. E., and Troy, F. A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2332-2342) and for the K5 polysaccharide (GlcAbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha1-4)n (Lidholt, K., Fjelstad, M., Jann, K., and Lindahl, U. (1994) Carbohydr. Res. 255, 87-101). In contrast, chain elongation of hyaluronan (GlcAbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-4)n is claimed to occur at the reducing end (Prehm, P. (1983) Biochem. J. 211, 181-189). 相似文献
76.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions. 相似文献
77.
Cresswell M.W. Allen R.A. Guthrie W.F. Sniegowski J.J. Ghoshtagore R.N. Linholm L.W. 《Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》1998,11(2):182-193
The physical widths of reference features incorporated into electrical linewidth test structures patterned in films of monocrystalline silicon have been determined from Kelvin voltage measurements. The films in which the test structures are patterned are electrically insulated from the bulk-silicon substrate by a layer of silicon dioxide provided by SIMOX (Separation by the IMplantation of OXygen) processing. The motivation is to facilitate the development of linewidth reference materials for critical-dimension (CD) metrology-instrument calibration. The selection of the (110) orientation of the starting silicon and the orientation of the structures' features relative to the crystal lattice enable a lattice-plane-selective etch to generate reference-feature properties of rectangular cross section and atomically planar sidewalls. These properties are highly desirable for CD applications in which feature widths are certified with nanometer-level uncertainty for use by a diverse range of CD instruments. End applications include the development and calibration of new generations of CD instruments directed at controlling processes for manufacturing devices having sub-quarter-micrometer features 相似文献
78.
Photonic networks based on the optical path concept and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology require unique operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) functions. In order to realize the required OAM functions, the optical path network must support an effective management information transfer method. The method that superimposes a pilot tone on the optical signal appears very interesting for optical path overhead transfer. The pilot tone transmission capacity is determined by the carrier to noise ratio which depends on the power spectral density of the optical signal. The pilot tone transmission capacity of an optical path network employing WDM technology is elucidated; 4.5 kb/s transmission can be realized when the pilot tone modulation index is set at 3% 相似文献
79.
80.