Pediatric musculoskeletal neoplasms. Evaluation with MR imaging

MR imaging is an essential tool for the evaluation of musculoskeletal neoplasms in children. It provides useful information for diagnosis, determination of extent of disease, assessment of response to treatment, and detection of complications and effects of therapy. This article reviews the current role of MR imaging in each of these situations. A protocol for the evaluation of these lesions is suggested. Also addressed are issues related to differentiating pathologic conditions, normal marrow, and cartilaginous structures of the pediatric skeleton.     

Women's evaluation of the labor and delivery experience

The purpose of this study was to identify how women described and evaluated their labor and delivery experience and what factors were related to their responses. Sixty Lamaze-prepared, married multigravidae, aged 21 to 37 years, participated in this qualitative field study. Detailed, open-ended tape-recorded interviews were conducted on the postpartum unit of a community hospital or in the women's homes early during the postpartum period. Women evaluated their labor and delivery experience according to how well they perceived they had managed their own childbirth performance. Women who managed well viewed childbirth as positive, whereas women who had difficulty or managed poorly viewed it as both positive and negative. Women who managed well thought their own performance and the nature of labor and delivery (physical aspects) went well; women who had difficulty thought labor and delivery and the performance of others went well, but women who managed poorly had problems identifying anything that went well. There was overall agreement that the baby was the best part of the experience and that pain and pushing were the worst parts. Since women's evaluation of their labor and delivery experience may be related to the quality of their subsequent mothering, it is important to enhance their perceptions of their own performance, and thus their evaluation of the childbirth experience.     

The burnout of nursing staff working with challenging behaviour clients in hospital-based bungalows and a community unit

The increasing presence of genotoxic chemicals in the aquatic environment has led to the development of both in vivo and in vitro assays for target species. The fish population represents an important level of aquatic ecosystems that can be threatened by increased environmental pollution. The authors have studied the DNA pattern of the RTG-2 fish cell line, a fibroblast-like cell line, derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss), to use this cell line as an in vitro system to study genotoxicity by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA primers (RAPDs). A constant pattern in the DNA band is essential when an organism or cell line is used to detect DNA alterations produced by genotoxic environmental chemicals. DNA fingerprints with RAPDs were obtained for RTG-2 by testing 26 single and 70 pairwise combinations of primers. Different methods of DNA extraction (chelating resin, salting out, and phenolization), the influence of spectrometric measures at 320 nm in the 260/280 quotient to quantify DNA extracts, genomic DNA and primer concentrations, annealing temperatures, and cell line passage were studied in the cell line characterization. RAPD products were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. The good results obtained should allow the use of this system as a possible tool for detection of the genotoxicity of aquatic pollutants.     

Needed research on the interactions of certain parasitic diseases and nutrition in humans

For the purpose of assigning priorities for research, each of the following parasitic disease is examined in regard to its affect on the nutritional status of the host: schistosomiasis, malaria, amebiasis, giardiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm. The epidemiology, diagnosis, immune response to, and available therapies for these diseases are discussed. It is suggested that highest priority be given to three diseases: hookworm, ascariasis, and schistosomiasis, because they can be treated successfully, diagnosed easily, and have a high prevalence.