Clonal expansions of B lymphocytes in old mice

The effect of age on the diversity of the murine Ig heavy chain repertoire has been studied in unimmunized C57BL/6 mice. We examined the heterogeneity of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sizes of Ig mRNA of the IgM and IgG isotypes using two VH families, VHJ558 and VHQ52, which together account for approximately 65% of the Ab repertoire. The broad and bell-shaped profiles representing the diversity of the VHJ558 family in the spleen of 2- to 6-mo-old C57BL/6 mice becomes significantly less diverse after 12 mo of age and by 18 mo of age, single CDR3 sizes that dominate the profiles can be observed in the spleens of > 85% of the mice. Readable sequences have been obtained from 40 dominant mRNA CDR3 size species indicating that they represent clonal populations of B lineage. There are no significant homologies among these sequences. Clones of B lymphocytes that express a dominant CDR3 mRNA species can also be found in the bone marrow, the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the thymus of C57BL/6 mice > 18 mo of age. Some clones of B cells can be detected in only one lymphoid compartment; others are found in two or more compartments. The splenic B cell clones in C57BL/6 mice > 18 mo of age are stable for at least 2 mo. The CDR3 mRNA species that dominate the splenic repertoire of Ig mRNA-expressing cells in vivo do not dominate the repertoire of splenic B cells activated in vitro by bacterial LPS, suggesting that they represent a modest population of B cells expressing high levels of Ig mRNA.     

合成抗菌肽TachyplesinⅠ的体外生物活性及其降解规律

目的探讨合成抗菌肽TachyplesinⅠ在体外的生物活性及在模拟消化环境中的降解规律。方法采用不同温度、pH值、阳离子浓度、溶剂极性、模拟消化环境分别处理TachyplesinⅠ,通过检测TachyplesinⅠ生物活性的变化分析其稳定性;检测TachyplesinⅠ对小鼠血细胞的溶血活性;通过HPLC图谱变化评定TachyplesinⅠ在模拟消化环境中的降解情况。结果 TachyplesinⅠ在低于100℃、pH值小于10.3的情况下具有稳定性,阳离子浓度和溶液极性对TachyplesinⅠ的抗菌活性具有一定影响;在TachyplesinⅠ浓度大于80 mg/L时,作用时间大于30 min时,表现出一定的溶血活性;TachyplesinⅠ在模拟胃液、胃黏膜匀浆和血浆系统中表现出很高的稳定性,色谱峰型基本未改变,几乎无降解作用,TachyplesinⅠ的最小抑菌浓度为5.0～20.0 mg/L;在模拟小肠液和小肠黏膜匀浆系统中稍微敏感,色谱峰型降低,出现小杂峰,生物活性明显降低,最小抑菌浓度在80～160 mg/L之间。结论 TachyplesinⅠ具有较强的高温耐受性,在酸性条件下稳定,同时具有一定的耐受体内蛋白酶降解的能力。     

Electrochemical behaviour of 1024 mild steel in slightly alkaline bicarbonate solutions

The electrochemical behaviour of 1024 mild steel electrodes is investigated in the presence of 0.05–0.5 M sodium bicarbonate in aqueous solution at pH 8.9 and 25°C. Voltammograms are obtained with a rotating gold ring-mild steel electrode and the effect of the NaHCO3 concentration, the potential limits and the rotation speed of the disc electrode is considered. The voltammograms display an oxidation peak current at low potentials, a passivity region and a transpassive region at high potentials for the potential sweep in the anodic direction. The oxidation current in the passivity region is practically independent of the applied potential and the NaHCO3 concentration. The rate-determining step of the oxidation reaction in both the oxidation peak current region and the transpassive region is determined.     

气体分馏装置的节能技术改造

南阳石蜡精细化工厂气体分馏装置采取了几项节能技术改进:回收除盐水,增加加热水渗线,控制液化气C2含量,使用高速泵及变频器等,几年的运行情况表明,这些措施安全可靠,操作方便,减少了装置的水、电、蒸汽消耗。     

A surgical technique for resecting malignancies invading the facial nerve and petrous pyramid

Certain head and neck malignancies tend to invade branches of the cranial nerves and progress centripetally. The maxillary and mandibular divisions of the V (trigeminal) nerve are the most commonly invaded, but the VII (facial) nerve may harbor extensions of primary parotid malignancies and/or skin cancers originating in or near the ear. Paresis of the VII nerve signifies a serious but not entirely hopeless situation if countered with an appropriate surgical procedure. The optimal treatment of malignancies invading cranial nerves is surgical excision, which may necessitate removal of substantial portions of the cranium. Surgical pursuit of a malignancy in the facial nerve leads to a direct confrontation with the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. Resection of the petrous pyramide is surgically feasible, but, if performed en bloc, extracts a high morbidity and mortality. An alternate technique in which the soft tissue and bones are removed disjunct is advocated. In this technique, the soft tissues are excised flush with the surface of the temporal bone. After making perforator and burr openings in the squamous temporal bone, a subtotal temporal craniectomy is completed with rongeurs. A prerequisite for success with this technique is the rotation of a large scalp flap and other local flaps to cover the exposed meninges and carotid arteries. A resume of four cases using this technique is presented. The age of the patients, the type, stage, and duration of the malignancies, and other factors which might influence the end stage results are given.     

Gas-liquid chromatographic headspace technique for determination of vinyl chloride in corn oil and three food-simulating solvents

A gas-liquid chromatographic headspace technique for the determination of vinyl chloride (VC) in corn oil, 50% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, and n-heptane is described. These food-simulating solvents and the corn oil are placed in septum-sealed bottles and heated to 90 degrees C, and aliquots of headspace vapor are injected into a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. VC may be quantitated at concentrations of 1 ppb or less. This technique was used to measure the migration of VC into corn oil and 50% ethanol from 2 unplasticized polyvinyl chloride sheets containing 0.28 and 0.44 ppm residual monomer.