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Two scaled formats for summarizing the results of psychosocial evaluations of transplant candidates have been published, the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) and the Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale (TERS). In this study, 40 consecutive candidates for bone marrow transplant were rated on the PACT and TERS. The PACT and TERS were comparable in interrater reliability. Similar conceptual items for each scale correlated fairly highly with one another. The PACT and TERS differ in several scale characteristics. The authors discuss the relationship between scale characteristics and clinical utility. 相似文献
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The extent of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) in chronic hemodialysis patients is usually attributed to the level of compliance with fluid restriction. However, in view of the substantial water content of food (and caloric content of beverages), IDWG also may be a function of calorie and protein intake and may reflect the nutritional state of patients. To investigate this theory, the relationship between 2-day IDWG and body weight, normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), serum albumin, and delivered Kt/V urea was assessed in a prospective, randomized study of 860 chronic hemodialysis patients in 56 dialysis units. Compared with patients having < 2 kg IDWG (n = 378), patients with > 3 kg IDWG (n = 138) weighed more (dry weight, 76.8 v 61.7 kg), had higher nPCR (1.15 v 0.96 g/kg/d), and had higher serum albumin levels (3.96 vs 3.79 g/dL) (all P < 0.001) but did not have different levels of Kt/V (1.04 v 1.06). When IDWG was assessed as a function of dry weight, patients with IDWG > 4.5% of dry weight (n = 151) had higher nPCR (1.17 v 0.94 g/kg/d) but weighed less (60.1 v 70.0 kg) and had a higher Kt/V (1.14 v 1.01) than patients with IDWG < 3% of dry weight (n = 355) (all P < 0.001). Artifactual association between IDWG and nPCR attributable to an accentuated two-pool effect from differing ultrafiltration requirements was unlikely as assessed by the relationship between modeled Kt/V and prescribed Kt/V determined using an anthropometric urea volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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The American Cancer Society recommends a regimen for breast cancer screening that includes mammograms, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination. Compliance with breast cancer screening guidelines has been linked to a number of barriers and facilitators. These barriers and facilitators seem to lie within the cognitive framework and generalized beliefs of women, and in the situational contexts in which they lead their lives. A comprehensive study was designed to investigate variables related to breast cancer screening behaviors (breast self-examination, mammography, and clinical breast examination) of working women > or = 35 years of age at their worksite environments. A factor analysis identified similar sets of composite variables related to each of the screening modalities, and a discriminant analysis was performed for each screening technique to identify those variables that were most significant in predicting compliance with screening guidelines. The variables discomfort, perceived efficacy, and desire for control over health were significant for all three screening behaviors. Perceived importance was identified as a fourth variable for mammography and clinical breast examination, and lack of knowledge was a fourth variable for breast self-examination. Effective breast cancer screening programs involve all three screening techniques. In the design of education and intervention programs at worksites, it is critical to emphasize the commonalities of the variables that emerged in this study as important for each screening technique. Health-care professionals who implement such intervention programs need to explore and bring into the open these common barriers and facilitators to maximize working women's compliance with breast screening guidelines. 相似文献