Developing a brief measure of smoking in the home: description and preliminary evaluation

The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) play a key role in cellular proliferation and are involved in cellular transformation. The expression of the IGF-I receptor has been demonstrated in a variety of human tumor cell lines including ovarian cancer cells. Phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) were analyzed for their potential to suppress the IGF-I receptor in the NIH: OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line. The application of the antisense S-ODN reduced potently the cell growth of unstimulated NIH:OVCAR-3 cells, whereas sense and mismatch S-ODNs were without any effect. This effect resembled that of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) alphaIR-3. In contrast to the antisense compound, this MAb only partially inhibited the IGF-I-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. The concentration of the antisense S-ODN to exhibit an identical inhibition of cell proliferation was reduced to 50 nM when the oligonucleotides were delivered by the cationic lipid formulation lipofectin. The specificity of the antisense S-ODN action was confirmed by reduction of the receptor protein and of the receptor mRNA, as assayed by flow cytometry and by Northern blot hybridizations. Our data demonstrate the potency of antisense S-ODNs to target the IGF-I receptor message and show that antisense strategies against the IGF-I receptor may provide new strategies for the therapy of ovarian cancer.     

Experimental Investigation of the Mixing Between Hot and Cold Gas in Two Cooling Processes

The mixing between a hot turbulent flow and a cold fluid, injected through a porous plate or using a discrete injection, is experimentally investigated. The blowing is shown to dramatically modify the dynamic and thermal fields, whereas the discrete injection has a weaker effect. The influence on the average quantities and fluctuating parts are found to be different. The effect of the main flow temperature is addressed and a discussion for the mixing in the blowing and discrete injection cases is proposed.     

La2O3-Mo阴极材料热分析研究

采用热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对Mo-La2O3阴极中La2O3与Mo2C的反应情况进行了研究.实验结果表明:La2O3与Mo2C在高温下可以发生化学反应,产生单质La和金属Mo;反应物存在状态不同,二者发生反应的温度不同. 粉末样品中二者反应温度(1203K)低于阴极丝中二者的反应温度(1533K).     

有机锡化物在芳香醛合成中的应用

制备了纤维素氧磷－钯配合物催化剂，详细考察了催化剂对三（正）丁基锡氢化物和酰卤化合物偶联反应的催化作用。结果表明，该负载型高分子配合物催化剂对偶联反应具有很高的催化活性和化学选择性，分离容易，可重复使用，用XPS方法对催化机理进行了研究。     

焦化废水中氨氮对水煤浆流变性影响的研究

采用2种低阶煤——新疆1号,2号不粘煤对含氨氮的焦化废水进行了成浆性试验研究。结果发现,它们的成浆性较差,属难制浆煤种。全面分析了制浆的影响因素,对低阶煤而言,成浆性差是由于煤中富含含氧官能团、较高的内在水分和较差的可磨性。为了进一步了解焦化废水中氨氮对水煤浆流变性的影响,采用不同浓度的含氨氮废水进行了成浆性试验。结果表明,焦化废水中的氨氮对水煤浆的流变性有不利的影响,随着氨氮浓度的升高,水煤浆的表观粘度有升高的趋势,流动性逐渐变差,而稳定性越来越好。     

Abnormalities in the p34cdc2-related PITSLRE protein kinase gene complex (CDC2L) on chromosome band 1p36 in melanoma

Recently, several clusters of hepatitis A have been observed among hemophiliacs linked to factor VIII concentrates treated for virus inactivation solely with the solvent/detergent (S/D) method, a procedure that does not affect nonenveloped viruses such as the hepatitis A virus (HAV). A new outbreak of hepatitis A in six hemophiliacs treated with the same lot of a factor VIII preparation occurred recently in Germany. The objective of the study was to clarify whether these diseases were caused by the administration of the S/D-treated plasma product, rather than a community-acquired infection. Polymerase chain reactions designed to detect HAV nucleic acid have been carried out in the implicated factor VIII lots, in the corresponding plasma pools, and in serum samples of four out of six infected individuals. The nucleic acid sequences were determined in samples that resulted in positive amplification products. HAV sequences were found in one of the two plasma pools used for manufacture of the incriminated product, in the incriminated lot itself, and in all recipient sera tested so far, although the latter were collected up to 7 weeks after the onset of jaundice. The sequences obtained were completely identical, revealing a unique HAV strain of genotype IA. This study provides conclusive evidence that hepatitis A can be transmitted by factor VIII concentrates treated solely by the S/D procedure for virus inactivation. This inactivation method is not effective against nonenveloped viruses. Since a number of hepatitis A transmission episodes have been described with such preparations during the past 10 years, their continued use seems to be questionable unless additional virus removal or inactivation steps are introduced to prevent the transmission of nonenveloped viruses. Molecular approaches again proved to be reliable tools for elucidating the chain of virus transmission.     

Crucial role of FcgammaRIIa (CD32) in assessment of functional anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody activity in human sera

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) constitutes the main defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two leukocyte IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb, are constitutively expressed on PMNL. Blocking experiments showed FcgammaRIIa is crucial for opsonophagocytosis of serum-opsonized S. pneumoniae. The biallelic, genetically determined FcgammaRIIa polymorphism (FcgammaRIIa-R131 vs. IIa-H131) determines the capacity of IgG2-mediated phagocytosis via this receptor. Comparative studies with PMNL from donors either homozygous for FcgammaRIIa-R131 or IIa-H131 showed the latter had higher phagocytic capacity. These results were confirmed in FcgammaRIIa-R131- and FcgammaRIIa-H131-transfected IIA1.6 cells. The performance of FcgammaRIIa-transfected cells in S. pneumoniae phagocytosis was validated using sera from adults and children. Serum-induced phagocytic activity depended mainly on anti-pneumococcal IgG2 antibodies. Results obtained with PMNL and IIA1.6 cells showed high correlation (r=0.94; P<.001), and support that FcgammaRIIa transfectants are a good alternative to PMNL as effector cells in opsonophagocytosis assays.