鉴往知来:洞察数据时代的生存策略

2020年,在新冠肺炎疫情的影响下,数据和数据驱动的未来变得更具有挑战性.在这个充满未知和不确定性的时代,无处不在的数据和数据技术带来了更广阔的互联互通,并支持和丰富着每一个艰难的决策.2020年的重要事件之一是,支持和围绕技术和数据已经成为一项重要的服务,全球IT和技术专业人员正孜孜不倦地维护、调整和扩展关键的在线基...     

Multi-allergen screening immunoassay for the detection of protein markers of peanut and four tree nuts in chocolate

A multiresidue enzyme immunoassay was developed to check for the presence of markers of peanut, hazelnut, almond, cashew and Brazil nuts in a single run. The assay was designed under the competitive indirect format and adapted for screening purposes applied to chocolate samples. The limit of detection for this assay was below 1 µg g^-1 protein for each allergenic food. In most cases, the high specificity of the antibodies used allowed the identification of each particular allergenic food with no possible confusion. This assay was proven to be useful as part of an analytical procedure involving the identification of the unknown allergenic food among peanut and other tree nuts in recalled samples before the application of a quantitative technique to determine the level of cross-contamination.     

交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘中的电树枝与绝缘结构亚微观缺陷

半结晶高聚物中的电树枝特性远比纯脆性或柔性聚合物复杂,源于材料中的结晶区和无定形区两相共存.在厚绝缘交联聚乙烯(XLPE)中还存在不均匀结晶和微孔高度集中,以及残存应力,导致电树枝特性更加复杂.本文提出利用生长速度比和扩展系数两个新参数来研究XLPE中的电树枝生长规律.根据XLPE电缆绝缘中电树枝结构特征和生长特性,研究了电树枝的影响因素和绝缘中的四种亚微观绝缘结构弱点,分析了微孔集中、大球晶边界及结晶排渣、应力、电场局部集中所导致的电树枝在绝缘内侧的迅速扩展现象,提出了超高压XLPE电缆发展所必须解决的亚微观绝缘结构缺陷在电缆绝缘内侧集中问题及其对策.     

PLLA/Flax Mat/Balsa Bio-Sandwich—Environmental Impact and Simplified Life Cycle Analysis

In the present paper the environmental impact of biocomposites and bio-sandwich materials production are evaluated, using simplified Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) following the procedure recommended in the ISO 14044 standard. The materials are dimensioned and evaluated by comparing with reference materials, glass mat reinforced unsatured polyester and glass mat/unsatured polyester/balsa sandwich. The results indicate that bio-sandwich materials are very attractive in terms environmental impact. However further improvements in biocomposite and bio-sandwich mechanical strength are necessary if they are to be used in transport application compared to glass/polyester and glass/polyester/balsa sandwich.     

Participatory system dynamics modelling for housing,energy and wellbeing interactions

The built environment is a key target of decarbonization policies. However, such policies often have a narrow objective and narrow focus, resulting in ‘policy-resistance’ and unintended consequences. The literature attributes these unintended consequences to a narrow financial focus, adverse incentives, and inadequate handling of knowledge, skills, communication and feedback gaps, but it provides little advice on how these complex interactions can be captured. This paper illustrates the development and application of an integrated approach to address these complex interactions with regard to housing performance, energy, communal spaces and wellbeing. In particular, it explores the dynamics created by these relationships with simulation modelling in participatory settings, and with a diverse group of stakeholders. The simulation results suggest that monitoring is key to improve the performance of the housing stock besides energy efficiency; and investments in communal spaces positively affect the adoption of energy-efficiency measures and the wellbeing of residents. The evaluation results for participatory workshops show this approach was found useful by the stakeholders for supporting more integrated decision-making about housing. In future research, this approach can be implemented for policy problems in specific contexts.     

Some Statistical Aspects of the Economics of Analytical Testing

In establishing an economical testing program the costs of routine analytical tests must be weighed against losses due to shipping material which is either above or below stated specifications. A method for obtaining an optimum sampling and testing procedure is described and examples given.     

Macro- and microscale variables regulate stent haemodynamics,fibrin deposition and thrombomodulin expression

Drug eluting stents are associated with late stent thrombosis (LST), delayed healing and prolonged exposure of stent struts to blood flow. Using macroscale disturbed and undisturbed fluid flow waveforms, we numerically and experimentally determined the effects of microscale model strut geometries upon the generation of prothrombotic conditions that are mediated by flow perturbations. Rectangular cross-sectional stent strut geometries of varying heights and corresponding streamlined versions were studied in the presence of disturbed and undisturbed bulk fluid flow. Numerical simulations and particle flow visualization experiments demonstrated that the interaction of bulk fluid flow and stent struts regulated the generation, size and dynamics of the peristrut flow recirculation zones. In the absence of endothelial cells, deposition of thrombin-generated fibrin occurred primarily in the recirculation zones. When endothelium was present, peristrut expression of anticoagulant thrombomodulin (TM) was dependent on strut height and geometry. Thinner and streamlined strut geometries reduced peristrut flow recirculation zones decreasing prothrombotic fibrin deposition and increasing endothelial anticoagulant TM expression. The studies define physical and functional consequences of macro- and microscale variables that relate to thrombogenicity associated with the most current stent designs, and particularly to LST.     

Performance-driven design of Biocompatible Mg alloys

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys provide numerous benefits as a resorptive biomaterial and present the very real possibility of replacing current metallic implant materials in a variety of roles. The development of suitable biodegradable implant alloys is a multidisciplinary challenge, since alloy design must be confined to a range of alloying additions that are biologically nontoxic, whilst still providing the requisite mechanical properties. This leaves a small number of compatible elements that can provide benefits when alloyed with Mg, including calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). To date, although a range of different Mg alloys have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, little work has been performed to characterize the relationship between the composition of Mg alloys, their corrosion and resulting mechanical properties over time. Consequently it is crucial to understand how these properties may be related if alloys are to be successfully screened for implantation in the body.