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91.
This paper documents a study of an Au nano-dot array that was fabricated by electron beam lithography on a glass wafer. The patterns that had features of 100nm dots in diameter with a 2-mum pitch comprised a total area of 200x200mum(2). The dot-shaped Cr underlayer was open to the air after developing Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). When dipped into the Cr etchant, the exposed Cr layer was eliminated from the glass wafer in a short period of time. In order to ultimately fabricate the Ti/Au dot arrays, Ti and Au were deposited onto the arrays with a thickness of 2 and 40nm, respectively. The lift-off procedure was carried out in the Cr etchant using sonication in order to completely remove the residual Cr/PMMA layer. The fabricated Au nano-dot array was then immersed in an Ag enhancing solution and then into an ethanol solution containing (N-(6-(Biotinamido)hexyl)-3'-(2'-pyridyldithio)-propionamide (Biotin-HPDP). The substrate was analyzed using a correlated atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. Through this procedure, position-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals could be obtained. 相似文献
92.
Sant'Anna C Pereira MG Lemgruber L de Souza W Cunha e Silva NL 《Microscopy research and technique》2008,71(8):599-605
Reservosomes are late endosomes present only in members of the Schizotrypanum subgenus of the Trypanosoma genus and are defined as the site of storage of endocytosed macromolecules and lysosomal enzymes. They have been extensively described in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote: are bounded by a membrane unit, present an electron-dense protein matrix with electron-lucent lipid inclusions, being devoid of inner membranes. Here we performed a detailed ultrastructural analysis of these organelles using a variety of electron microscopy techniques, including ultrathin sectioning, uranyl acetate stained preparations, and freeze fracture, either in intact epimastigotes or in isolated reservosomes. New informations were obtained. First, both isolated and in situ reservosomes presented small profiles of inner membranes that are morphologically similar to the membrane surrounding the organelle. In uranyl acetate stained preparations, internal membrane profiles turned out to be longer than they appeared in ultrathin section images and traversed the organelle diameter. Internal vesicles were also found. Second, endocytosed cargo are not associated with internal vesicles and reach reservosomes on board of vesicles that fuse with the boundary membrane, delivering cargo directly into reservosome lumen. Third, electron-lucent bodies with saturated lipid core surrounded by a membrane monolayer and with unusual rectangular shape were also observed. Fourth, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of intramembranous particles on the E face of both internal vesicles and the surrounding membrane. Collectively, these results indicate that reservosomes have a complex internal structure, which may correlate with their multiple functions. 相似文献
93.
利用植被覆盖度-地表温度特征空间提取厦门市土壤湿度信息 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
土壤湿度是水文学、气象学以及农业科学研究领域的一个重要参数。利用1989年和1996年两个时相Landsat TM遥感卫星影像来获取厦门的植被覆盖度和地表温度,并由此构建了植被覆盖度和地表温度组成的特征空间,最后利用该特征空间反演了土壤湿度,并分析湿度在两个时相中的变化情况。结果显示,在所研究的时间段内,厦门西南老城区的湿度得到增加。但是在东北部城市建成区扩展的地区,土壤湿度则明显降低。 相似文献
94.
95.
Marquardt CL Cooper DG Budni PA Knights MG Schepler KL Dedomenico R Catella GC 《Applied optics》1994,33(15):3192-3197
We performed an experimental investigation of thermal lensing in silver gallium selenide (AgGaSe(2)) optical parametric oscillator crystals pumped by a 2-μm laser at ambient temperature. We determined an empirical expression for the effective thermal focusing power in terms of the pump power, beam diameter, crystal length, and absorption coefficient. This relation may be used to estimate average power limitations in designing AgGaSe(2) optical parametric oscillators. We also demonstrated an 18% slope efficiency from a 2-μm pumped AgGaSe(2) optical parametric oscillator operated at 77 K, at which temperature thermal lensing is substantially reduced because of an increase in the thermal conductivity and a decrease in the thermal index gradient dn/dT. Cryogenic cooling may provide an additional option for scaling up the average power capability of a 2-μm pumped AgGaSe(2) optical parametric oscillator. 相似文献
96.
97.
Planar laser-induced fluorescence images of OH have been obtained in liquid-fueled spray flames burning heptane, ethanol, and methanol over a range of pressures from 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. In addition to the OH fluorescence, a nonresonant fluorescence interference that increased rapidly with pressure was detected. Examination of the spectrum of this interference indicates that it arises from hydrocarbon fuel-fragment species in the fuel-rich zones of the flame. The pressure dependence of the fluorescence signal is examined in both steady-state and time-dependent analyses, and a model for evaluation of pressure effects and quenching variations in quantitative imaging measurements in nonpremixed flame environments is presented. The results indicate that increased combustor pressure results in a rapid rise of the volume fraction of hydrocarbon fragments and a decrease in the OH volume fraction. 相似文献
98.
Effects of process errors on the diffraction characteristics of binary dielectric gratings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of fabrication errors on the predicted performance of surface-relief phase gratings are analyzed with a rigorous vector diffraction technique. For binary elements, errors in the dimensions of the profile [depth, linewidth (fill factor), and grating period], as well as errors in the shape of the profile, are investigated. It is shown that the dimension errors do not have a significant effect on grating performance when the grating is designed for either maximum or minimum diffraction efficiency. A trapezoid is used to model the shape error of the profile. For the first time, design rules that significantly reduce the effects of any shape error are presented. 相似文献
99.
利用爆炸加载数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,同时借助ABAQUS有限元分析中内聚力模型数值计算方法,研究了爆炸应力波作用下缺陷介质裂纹扩展规律,并将试验结果与数值计算结果进行了对比。研究表明:在爆炸应力波作用下预制缺陷两端产生了两条翼裂纹A、B,扩展长度基本相同,方向垂直于预制缺陷。两条翼裂纹的扩展基本是对称的,只是在尾端发生轻微翘曲;翼裂纹扩展速度先增大至峰值又振荡减小,之后又增大至第二个较小的峰值,然后又减小,这种变化趋势和裂纹尖端应力强度因子KⅠ保持一致;扩展角β为85°时,计算结果较为接近试验,内聚力模型为动态裂纹扩展的研究提供了一种有效的方法。 相似文献
100.