Infection of sheep with adult and larval Ostertagia circumcincta: abomasal morphology

The infection of parasite-naive sheep with approximately 15,000 adult Ostertagia circumcincta via abomasal cannulae resulted in marked changes in the structure and function of the abomasum. The functional changes, which have been characterised previously, included elevated abomasal pH and increased serum concentrations of pepsinogen and gastrin. Eight days after the transplant of adult worms, the abomasa of recipient animals were significantly heavier than those of controls (P < 0.001), the thickness of the fundic mucosa was greater (P < 0.01), there were fewer parietal cells (P < 0.01) and increases in the numbers of mitotic figures and mucus-producing cells. Mucous cell hyperplasia was also evident in the fundic mucosae of sheep receiving a trickle infection of infective, third-stage O. circumcincta larvae and was prominent within nodules associated with larval development. In non-nodular mucosa, there was hyperplasia of mucous cells and changes in the distribution of parietal cells. Decreases in the number of parietal cells at the gland base were offset by increases at a mid-gland level, probably due to chronic hypergastrinaemia, so that, overall, total parietal cell number was unaffected. Mucous cell hyperplasia and the diminution of parietal cell number are seen in a diverse range of disease states and may be mediated by host growth factors such as Transforming growth factor-alpha. Alternatively, the cellular and/or the secretory changes in response to the presence of adult worms are mediated by chemicals that are cytotoxic/inhibitory for parietal cells, and released by the parasites themselves.     

Microflora of the nasal cavity and its sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with chronic rhinitis treated by cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is used in treatment of chronic rhinitis and pharyngitis. The effect of cryotherapy on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora was studied. Staphylococci prevailed in the rhinitis patients, streptococci, Clebsiella and Neisseria being registered more rarely. The staphlococcal isolates were highly sensitive to monomycin, neomycin, erythromycin and levomycetin. The results of the dynamic study showed that the flora composition did not significantly change during cryotherapy and the sensitivity level of the staphylococcal isolates to the antibodies remained unchanged.     

Advances in gas permeability measurements

The Carman-Arnell equation relates the rate of flow of a fluid through a packed bed to the pressure drop across the bed. This equation is the basis for surface area determination by permeametry. It is found that the surface area measured at sub-atmospheric pressure varies with the bed porosity, so a porosity was selected where the rate of change was at a minimum. The study suggests that, at reduced pressures, the gas flow rate is a linear function of the mean pressure.     

Reflectance spectroscopy of oxide films. II. Oxide layers on chromium metal

Infrared reflectance spectra of oxidized chromium are presented as the first of a series of investigations of the reflectance spectra of oxidized materials. The spectra agree well with the behavior predicted in an earlier note, and confirm that simultaneous identification and thickness measurements of corrosion films are possible using this technique. The most prominent features for identification purposes are absorption bands at 610, 540, and 440 cm ^–1 for films 1.5- thick, and at 610 and 300 cm^–1 for thicker films. These bands are discernable despite the complicated effects introduced by interference fringes in the low-energy spectral region.     

A technique for intravenous injection in the red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans)

A technique is described for exposure and injection of the jugular vein in the red-eared turtle. Satisfactory anaesthesia and muscular relaxation for this procedure was obtained by intramuscular injection of a mixture of chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg bodyweight. Induction time was 30-45 minutes. Time for surgical procedure 30-45 minutes. Recovery time 1-8 hours.     

Acceptability of Whey-Soy Drink Mix Prepared with Cottage Cheese Whey

Flavor score of commercially produced whey-soy drink mix containing 41% sweet whey solids was correlated with the lactic acid content of the dehydrated material (?.75). Experimental samples prepared with a 1:1 mixture of acid whey to sweet whey and neutralized acid whey showed lower initial flavor scores than a control prepared with only sweet whey. Both samples contained over 1% total lactate reported as lactic acid compared to .4% for the control. A sample prepared with a 1:5 mixture of acid to sweet whey contained .77% lactic acid. Flavor scores of this sample after 158 days storage at 37 C, although not significantly different from the control stored under similar conditions, showed a downward trend over time. Therefore, use of small amounts of acid whey in the formulation could lead to impaired storage stability as measured by flavor acceptability during prolonged storage under adverse conditions.     

An examination of attention, arousal, and learning dysfunctions of hyperkinetic children.

Reviews empirical studies that have supported viewing the hyperkinetic syndrome and the related diagnoses of minimal brain dysfunction and learning disability as dysfunctions of information processing. Data on measures of arousal, attention, learning, and performance were examined for undrugged hyperkinetics, hyperkinetics given stimulant medication, and nonhyperkinetic children. Although support was found for the hypotheses that hyperkinetics exhibit low physiological arousal and poor attention, several findings indicate the need for modifying these hypotheses. Little evidence was found for the hypothesis that hyperkinetics have reduced sensitivity to reinforcement. Some theoretical clarifications of the arousal and attention hypotheses are proposed, and some directions for future empirical work are suggested. (3 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)