DLSA: Delay and Link Stability Aware Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs)

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a new class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network in which the nodes move in three-dimensional (3-D) ways in the air simultaneously. These nodes are known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are operated live remotely or by the pre-defined mechanism which involves no human personnel. Due to the high mobility of nodes and dynamic topology, link stability is a research challenge in FANET. From this viewpoint, recent research has focused on link stability with the highest threshold value by maximizing Packet Delivery Ratio and minimizing End-to-End Delay. In this paper, a hybrid scheme named Delay and Link Stability Aware (DLSA) routing scheme has been proposed with the contrast of Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing and Link Stability Estimation-based Routing FANET’s existing routing schemes. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed scheme possesses the features of collaborative data forwarding and link stability. The simulation results have shown the improved performance of the proposed DLSA routing protocol in contrast to the selected existing ones DPTR and LEPR in terms of E2ED, PDR, Network Lifetime, and Transmission Loss. The Average E2ED in milliseconds of DLSA was measured 0.457 while DPTR was 1.492 and LEPR was 1.006. Similarly, the Average PDR in %age of DLSA measured 3.106 while DPTR was 2.303 and LEPR was 0.682. The average Network Lifetime of DLSA measured 62.141 while DPTR was 23.026 and LEPR was 27.298. At finally, the Average Transmission Loss in dBm of DLSA measured 0.975 while DPTR was 1.053 and LEPR was 1.227.

     

A testing data validity assessment method and testing data validation platform based on SOA

In modern manufacturing, ensuring the quality of component testing data is highly valued by both product manufacturers and component suppliers. However, in common component quality analysis processes, testing data are assumed to be valid, which might not be true. Therefore, assessing the validity of component testing data would be important. Many existing data analysis platforms are separated from enterprises’ own systems, which makes the inspection data analysis incoherent to their business process. In this paper, we propose a testing data quality assessment method and a testing data validation platform based on SOA. The platform provides reliable third-party testing data validation service via RESTful APIs, so that the services can be seamlessly integrated to enterprise systems. The testing data validity assessment method, which is the core of the platform, is implemented by detecting illegal behavior in data recording. The detection is a combination of behavior analysis and a positive and unlabeled learning process.     

Short-Circuit Calculations and Relay Coordination Applied to Cement Plants

Today's codes and regulations make a coordinated power system a must for cement plants, both new ones and also the older plants. Short-circuit calculations must be made for ali possible fault points in the system. Based on calculated fault currents, all the system protective devices must be applied and coordinated properly to achieve a coordinated power system.     

Synthesis and properties of chelate polymers of VO(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) with schiff base of 5,5′-methylene bis-salicylaldehyde with aniline

Polychelates of VO(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) were prepared from Schiff base of 5,5′-methylene bis-salicyladehyde with aniline. All the chelate polymers are amorphous and insoluble in common organic solvents. They have very little solubility in DMF. The first three polychelates are found to be noncharged chelate polymers while the last two polychelates are found to be ionic from their conductivities in DMF. Their probable structures were determined from reflectance electronic spectral and magnetic measurements in conjunction with infrared measurements. The thermal stability, order of reaction and activation energy for all the polychelates were determined from their thermogravimetric analyses.     

ROLE OF SUPPORT STRUCTURE ON KINETIC PARAMETER ESTIMATIONS IN A SHELL CATALYST

The kinetic parameters for VOC oxidation by a shell catalyst are generally obtained from the experimental data of conversion-temperature in a laboratory scale isothermal fixed bed reactor. The kinetics of these reactions are often represented by a bi-molecular Langmuir-Hinshelwood expresion. With the help of experimental data for n-hexane, the present study showed that the values of the kinetic parameters estimated depend significantly upon the location and width of the active catalyst layer as well as value of the effective diffusivity of the reactant within the porous structure. The present analysis showed that accurate a priori assessment of these parameters is very important for the reliable estimations of the kinetic parameters.     

Physicochemical studies on square-planar Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) chelate polymers

Chelate polymers of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) with bis-oxime of 5,5′-methylene bis(salicylaldehyde) have been prepared. The square-planar structure of the complexes was determined on the basis of infrared and electronic spectral measurements in conjunction with magnetic susceptibility measurements. The thermal stability of the chelates, obtained from the TG thermograms has the following order: Co(II) and Ni(II) chelates are found to increase their coordination number by interaction with pyridine at right angles to the plane of the parent molecule. The resulting complex is found to have octahedral structure. The ligand-field and nephelauxetic parameters have been determined from the spectra, using ligand-field theory of spin-allowed transitions which are found consistent with six-coordinate structure for these adducts.     

Anomalous crystallinity in a semi-fluorinated perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymer containing the hexafluoro-i-propylidene (6F) linkage

The thermal cyclopolymerization of 2,2-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane affords the first example of a semi-crystalline perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymer and an anomalous feature for a polymer containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) linkage. Fluoroalkylation of 2,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (6F bisphenol A) with 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, followed by zinc mediated elimination affords the bis(trifluorovinyloxyphenyl) monomer in good yield. High molecular weight polymer (M_w=66,700) with molecular weight distribution approaching 2 was obtained by heating neat monomer at 180 °C for 24 h and 220 °C for 8 h. The stereo-random polymer (ca. 48 to 52 cis- to trans-1,2-disubstituted perfluorocyclobutyl groups) is easily crystallized from the melt despite the presence of the 6F group and a substantial increased fluorocarbon content per repeat unit compared to traditional PFCB polymers. A melting temperature approaching 200 °C was measured by DSC and the crystallinity was characterized by WAXD. Remarkably, the high melting semi-crystalline polymer could be easily dissolved in common solvents in greater than 50 wt% solutions.     

Synthesis and characterization of functionalized MWCNTs/PMMA composites: device fabrication for RH sensing

ABSTRACT

Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with amine group using 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) is achieved after carboxylation of pure MWCNTs (p-MWCNTs). p-MWCNTs, a-MWCNTs (acid functional MWCNTs) and f-MWCNTs (amine functional MWCNTs) were used to fabricate their nanocomposite with PMMA. A comparative study of the humidity characteristics of p-MWCNTs/PMMA, a-MWCNTs/PMMA and f-MWCNTs/PMMA-based capacitive humidity sensors was carried. f-MWCNTs/PMMA-based capacitive humidity sensor shows low hysteresis loss (5%), good response recovery behavior and highest sensitivity (S ~ 9736%) among all the studied composites. The maximum capacitance drift under different relative humidity was 1%RH.     

Effect of crosslinking agents on the structure and properties of polyurethane millable elastomer composites

A study of the effect of crosslinking agents on the structure and properties of the millable polyurethane (PU) elastomer is reported here. Effects of the conventionally used dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and tolylene disocyanate dimer (TDID) on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and relative thermal stabilities of the PU composites have been compared. Use of X-ray diffraction as a supportive evidence helps in understanding the nature of crosslinking. The mixture of DCP and TDID is also evaluated as crosslinking agents. A dramatic improvement in the mechanical properties and thermal stability is observed because of the mixed type of crosslinking obtained by the combined use of DCP and TDID. Effect of carbon black loading shows an increase in the mechanical strength with a decrease in the elongation. The results obtained from various properties measurements have been satisfactorily explained with a general model of crosslinking.     

Numerical and experimental study of bistable piezoelectric energy harvester

Piezoelectric energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations is a reliable technology to charge low power electronic equipment. It has been reported in the literature that low frequency broadband vibrations cannot be harvested effectively using linear piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). In this paper a bistable nonlinear PEH with two distinct energy wells generated using repulsive magnetic interactions between a cantilever magnetic proof mass and an external magnet is considered. It has been modeled using finite element method and validated with experimental results. Experimental results verify that, for our study, distance between magnetic proof mass and external magnet of 1.32 T flux density should be less than or equal to 8.5?mm for maintaining bistability. This distance also affects to the resonance frequency of harvester. Maximum efficiency of the harvester has been noticed at 8.5mm. Further it has been shown experimentally that the bistable nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester takes almost half of the time taken by its linear counterpart to charge a 20 mAh battery.