A method for measurement of frequency, modulation characteristics and timer accuracy of ultrasonic therapy equipment.

A method is described for measuring the ultrasonic frequency, modulation data, and exposure time of ultrasonic therapy equipment be detection and analysis of the ultrasonic radiation rather than direct measurement of the electrical rf signal. The equipment used in performing these measurements consists of a receiving piezoelectric transducer, ana electron counter/timer designed to accept and process the detected ultrasonic signal, and an oscilloscope.     

FILTRATION IN BREWING—A REVIEW*

The processes involved In wort separation are discussed in terms of the underlying mathematical principles as exemplified by the Carman-Kozeny equation, which is applicable to cake filtration, the Moncrieff equation, which is relevant to sparging, and Stokes' Law, which is concerned with settling of particles in regions of viscous flow. The behaviour of small-scale mashes of different types is illustrated photographically. Beer clarification, polishing and sterilization are discussed as further examples of filtration in brewing.     

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF BEER BITTERING SUBSTANCES AND HOP RESINS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

A simple thin-layer chromatographic procedure for the quantitative analysis of beer bittering substances is described. In the beers examined, 88–100% of the Brenner determination can be attributed to isohumulones A and B and the ratios of these two isomers show a real variation. Alpha-acids have been shown to be present in our beers. Thin-layer chromatography has also been adapted for analysis of hop resins and with fresh hops excellent agreement has been obtained with the conductometric method of analysis.     

Manual Therapy Facilitates Homeostatic Adaptation to Bone Microstructural Declines Induced by a Rat Model of Repetitive Forceful Task

The effectiveness of manual therapy in reducing the catabolic effects of performing repetitive intensive force tasks on bones has not been reported. We examined if manual therapy could reduce radial bone microstructural declines in adult female Sprague–Dawley rats performing a 12-week high-repetition and high-force task, with or without simultaneous manual therapy to forelimbs. Additional rats were provided 6 weeks of rest after task cessation, with or without manual therapy. The control rats were untreated or received manual therapy for 12 weeks. The untreated TASK rats showed increased catabolic indices in the radius (decreased trabecular bone volume and numbers, increased osteoclasts in these trabeculae, and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone thinning) and increased serum CTX-1, TNF-α, and muscle macrophages. In contrast, the TASK rats receiving manual therapy showed increased radial bone anabolism (increased trabecular bone volume and osteoblast numbers, decreased osteoclast numbers, and increased mid-diaphyseal total area and periosteal perimeter) and increased serum TNF-α and muscle macrophages. Rest, with or without manual therapy, improved the trabecular thickness and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone attributes but not the mineral density. Thus, preventive manual therapy reduced the net radial bone catabolism by increasing osteogenesis, while rest, with or without manual therapy, was less effective.     

铁矿石的烧结基础特性之新概念

长期以来,人们对烧结用铁矿石的评价主要集中在化学成分、粒度组成、矿物特征等常温性能方面,而对铁矿石在烧结过程中的高温行为和作用知之甚少.根据对这一问题的深入思考和实验室的基础研究,提出了\     

顺酐市场现状及技术发展趋势

介绍顺酐的国内外全球市场概况、主要生产技术及其研究开发动向。     

电视、激光、中波红外多波段增透膜研究

针对多光谱成像中存在的多光谱共光路问题,在ZnSe基底上设计了三波段增透膜。通过选取合适的薄膜材料,利用TFCalc膜系设计软件对膜系进行设计与优化,使用热蒸发和离子源轰击结合的方式沉积膜层,采用分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪测量光谱特性。通过设计粘结层与保护层,有效提高了膜层与基底之间的结合力以及膜层的强度。该膜层可以实现多光谱ZnSe基底在电视（500~800 nm）、1064 nm激光和中波红外（3.7~4.8 μm）三个波段高效增透,且具有良好的环境适应性。     

基于激光的散斑干涉术及其测量中的应用

对电子散斑干涉技术用于测试离面和面内位移的原理和光路进行了详细阐述,并分析该方法的适用范围和灵敏度,给出了圆盘试件离面位移和金瓷试件面内位移的测试结果。表明基于激光技术的电子散斑干涉法适用于硬质材料位移和无损检测,结果以干涉条纹图形式给出,易于定性和定量分析研究对象位移。     

High-Performance Optical 3R Regeneration for Scalable Fiber Transmission System Applications

This paper proposes and demonstrates optical 3R regeneration techniques for high-performance and scalable 10-Gb/s transmission systems. The 3R structures rely on monolithically integrated all-active semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometers (SOA-MZIs) for signal reshaping and optical narrowband filtering using a Fabry-Peacuterot filter (FPF) for all-optical clock recovery. The experimental results indicate very stable operation and superior cascadability of the proposed optical 3R structure, allowing error-free and low-penalty 10-Gb/s [pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) 2²³-1 ] return-to-zero (RZ) transmission through a record distance of 1 250 000 km using 10 000 optical 3R stages. Clock-enhancement techniques using a SOA-MZI are then proposed to accommodate the clock performance degradations that arise from dispersion uncompensated transmission. Leveraging such clock-enhancement techniques, we experimentally demonstrate error-free 125 000-km RZ dispersion uncompensated transmission at 10 Gb/s (PRBS 2²³-1) using 1000 stages of optical 3R regenerators spaced by 125-km large-effective-area fiber spans. To evaluate the proposed optical 3R structures in a relatively realistic environment and to investigate the tradeoff between the cascadability and the spacing of the optical 3R, a fiber recirculation loop is set up with 264- and 462-km deployed fiber. The field-trial experiment achieves error-free 10-Gb/s RZ transmission using PRBS 2²³-1 through 264 000-km deployed fiber across 1000 stages of optical 3R regenerators spaced by 264-km spans