Comfort of personal protective equipment

The degree of comfort of personal protective equipment (PPE) was investigated in an automobile encapsulating plant. Up to 96.2% of employees used one or a combination of PPE. Only 8% of the workers felt their respirators were comfortable, 30% tolerated their respirators, and 62% rated them as uncomfortable. The percentage of employees who rated their PPE (other than a respirator) as comfortable ranged from 32 to 52%. For comfort factor, coveralls/aprons rated 52%, safety glasses 51%, rubber gloves 42%, and hearing protectors 36%. PPE was tolerable (just acceptable) for about 30% of the employees. To increase the effectiveness and safety of PPE, the human-factor aspects of PPE design should be emphasized more and quality improvement should cover the wearability of PPE.     

基于地震灾害场景的主动配电网多维韧性评估方法

为了分析主动配电网承受破坏性扰动事件以及快速恢复重要负荷的韧性支撑能力,融合相量测量单元（PMU）高精度动态感知能力提出了一种新的以地震灾害场景为背景的主动配电网多维韧性评估方法。阐述了配电网韧性的基本概念及特征,并将地震作为极端事件代表,构建了反映配电线路故障率与地震动峰值加速度加权均值的模型,继而采用非序贯蒙特卡罗抽样和K-means++聚类算法筛选出代表性的地震场景;基于系统配置的PMU的强感知力建立反映韧性电网应变力、防御力、恢复力和协同力的评估指标,形成韧性多维特征空间,进而利用事件集点簇中心与最优韧性点的加权欧氏距离评估系统多维综合韧性;分析增强电力线路强度、提高联合系统中分布式电源可供容量这2种措施对系统韧性提升的影响,挖掘韧性电网对抗震防灾的学习力。最后,通过改进的PG&E69系统验证所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

Weakly supervised temporal action localization with proxy metric modeling

Temporal localization is crucial for action video recognition. Since the manual annotations are expensive and time-consuming in videos, temporal localization with weak video-level labels is challenging but indispensable. In this paper, we propose a weakly-supervised temporal action localization approach in untrimmed videos. To settle this issue, we train the model based on the proxies of each action class. The proxies are used to measure the distances between action segments and different original action features. We use a proxy-based metric to cluster the same actions together and separate actions from backgrounds. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method achieved competitive results on the THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.2 datasets.     

电厂飞灰对SO2电化学传感器测量准确度的影响

针对监测火电厂周围空气污染物时,SO2电化学气体传感器出现测量不准和使用寿命较短等问题,以山西省朔州市某煤矸石发电厂飞灰为研究对象,在分析飞灰形貌特征的基础上,通过理论计算得到飞灰沉降速度和不同时间沉积量,通过实验测试飞灰对SO2传感器测量误差的影响。研究结果表明:飞灰直径分布范围4~10 μm,飞灰沉降速度2.25×10–3 m/s, 1天沉积量为1.55 mg;飞灰沉积时间会影响传感器测量误差,沉积时间越长,传感器中气体扩散面积s和扩散系数K减小,传感器测量误差越大;飞灰沉积条件下气体质量浓度越大,气体到达工作电极区域速度越快,在有限响应时间内检测到的有效SO2质量浓度越高,传感器测量误差越小;在飞灰较多环境下使用SO2电化学传感器时,建议加装孔径小于4 μm透气滤膜防尘并定期清理沉积飞灰。     

核电蒸汽发生器堵管技术研究进展及其在高温气冷堆的应用前景

高可靠性的蒸汽发生器堵管技术是核电站安全运行的重要保障,与压水堆相比,以高温气冷堆为代表的第四代核电技术由于蒸汽发生器内传热管服役温度显著提高,对现有的蒸汽发生器堵管技术提出了新的挑战。对此,本文首先基于国内外文献报道,总结了现有压水堆蒸汽发生器堵管技术的工作原理与技术特点;其次,总结了国内外蒸汽发生器自动化堵管系统的开发与应用现状;之后,就高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器的服役工况与场地条件,提出了现有堵管技术在高温气冷堆应用方面面临的挑战及改进方向;最后,针对堵管技术的发展现状与高温气冷堆的技术需求,从装备要求、施工可行性和堵头质量的长期有效性等方面指明了自动化堵管技术的发展方向,以期为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器自动化堵管技术的发展提供借鉴。     

含高渗透率风电的配电网暂态电压量化评估方法

随着配电网中分布式风电渗透率的增加,评估影响电网暂态电压稳定性的各有关因素变得尤为重要,而评估暂态电压稳定性的现有指标在具有多暂态特性的场景下无法适用。首先介绍多二元表判据的评估思想,针对电压跌落情形,提出一种母线电压跌落安全裕度指标。其次,进一步构建母线过电压安全裕度指标,通过引入阶跃因子将两者指标有效结合,得到基于改进多二元表的母线暂态电压安全裕度指标。再次,提出区域暂态电压安全裕度指标来衡量某区域的暂态电压稳定性。最后,基于所提指标,利用Matlab/Simulink对含高渗透率风电的配电网进行仿真分析,在量化影响配电网暂态电压稳定性各因素的同时,验证了该指标的有效性和普适性。     

位置敏感探测器光斑脱靶误差补偿方法研究

为了提高位置敏感探测器(PSD)的位置检测范围,解决光斑在探测器光敏面脱靶时无法准确定位光斑的问题,提出一种光斑脱靶误差补偿方法,分析了脱靶前后PSD检测光斑能量重心变化规律,建立了PSD光强信号与位置检测误差间的函数关系。实验结果表明:当PSD光敏面尺寸为12mm×12mm时,对于半径为5mm的高斯光斑,通过所提出的光斑补偿方案补偿后PSD的X轴检测范围提高了66.7%,位置检测平均相对误差不超过5%,该方法对提高PSD位置检测性能具有重要的意义。     

面向创新的专利规避设计研究

目的研究针对现有专利高效快速地进行规避设计,去实现产品创新设计。方法通过了解我国专利的现状,结合专利规避设计策略,对专利规避设计的具体方法进行分析归纳。深入分析了基于单个专利的功能裁剪方法,基于核心专利群的规避设计,以及针对全方位专利壁垒的专利组合设计,同时对其他相关专利规避设计方法进行了总结。结论专利规避是避开其他竞争对手的专利权利要求而进行创新设计的一种积极可行的专利策略,具有较强的实践应用价值。随着专利规避技术的日趋成熟,对于专利群的规避和专利组合设计的研究会越发受到重视,将TRIZ理论与其他创新设计方法相结合,也将进一步促进专利规避设计的发展。     

Smoothness maximization along a predefined path accurately predicts the speed profiles of complex arm movements

The speed profiles of arm movements display a number of regularities, including bell-shaped speed profiles in straight reaching movements and an inverse relationship between speed and curvature in extemporaneous drawing movements (described as a 2/3 power law). Here we propose a new model that simultaneously accounts for both regularities by replacing the 2/3 power law with a smoothness constraint. For a given path of the hand in space, our model assumes that the speed profile will be the one that minimizes the third derivative of position (or "jerk"). Analysis of the mathematical relationship between this smoothness constraint and the 2/3 power law revealed that in both two and three dimensions, the power law is equivalent to setting the jerk along the normal to the path to zero; it generates speed predictions that are similar, but clearly distinguishable from the predictions of our model. We have assessed the accuracy of the model on a number of motor tasks in two and three dimensions, involving discrete movements along arbitrary paths, traced with different limb segments. The new model provides a very close fit to the observed speed profiles in all cases. Its performance is uniformly better compared with all existing versions of the 2/3 power law, suggesting that the correlation between speed and curvature may be a consequence of an underlying motor strategy to produce smooth movements. Our results indicate that the relationship between the path and the speed profile of a complex arm movement is stronger than previously thought, especially within a single trial. The accuracy of the model was quite uniform over movements of different shape, size, and average speed. We did not find evidence for segmentation, yet prediction error increased with movement duration, suggesting a continuous fluctuation of the "tempo" of discrete movements. The implications of these findings for motor planning and on-line control are discussed.     

DNA biosensor for the detection of hydrazines

A double-stranded (ds) DNA-coated carbon paste electrode is employed as a remarkably sensitive biosensor for the detection of hydrazine compounds. The sensor relies on monitoring changes in the intrinsic anodic response of the surface-confined DNA resulting from its interaction with hydrazine compounds and requires no label or indicator. Short reaction times (1-10 min) are sufficient for monitoring part-per-billion levels of different hydrazines. Applicability to untreated natural water samples is illustrated. The response mechanism is discussed, along with prospects of using DNA biosensors for quantitaing other important molecules and elucidating DNA interactions and damage.