MJ Farrar  GC Bennet  NI Wilson  A Azmy 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,78(6):930-933

Peripheral limb ischaemia is rare in children. We have treated only 12 infants and children with this condition in the past 15 years at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow. There were nine neonates and three older children. Most were suffering from life-threatening illnesses or severe infection. Two were born with ischaemic arms with no apparent cause. We have analysed the factors leading to ischaemia, the outcome of the initial treatment and the later orthopaedic problems. Two required amputation of both legs, one of an arm, two of feet and one of toes. Two had skin grafts. All surgery was performed after demarcation was well established and delayed closure was used after amputation. Five children developed limb-length discrepancy or an angular deformity. To date two have required additional corrective surgery.  相似文献   

    

N Lurie  MJ Straub  N Goodman  EJ Bauer 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,88(5):822-823

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NV Smadja  MJ Grange 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,103(1):78-80

An adult cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) caught in Kobe of Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, in December 1995 died of a severe infection associated with the trematode parasite Pegosomum sp. At necropsy, 22 trematode parasites were found in the lumen of the bile duct, and the duct wall was markedly thickened. Histopathologically, severe cholangitis and cholecystitis were observed in close association with the parasites in the bile duct. Severe Pegosomum sp. infection may be one of the factors contributing to the mortality of wild cattle egrets. This is the first reported case of the genus Pegosomum infection in wild birds of Japan.  相似文献   

    

DM Avila  SA Fuqua  FW George  MJ McPhaul 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,159(3):403-411

In mammals, testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the principal male hormones (androgens). Testosterone is the most abundant circulating androgen, and is converted in specific tissues to DHT by the 5alpha-reductase enzymes. Although each of these androgens binds to the same receptor protein (androgen receptor, AR), each exerts biologically distinct effects. Theories to explain the specific effects of testosterone and DHT have centered on kinetic differences of binding of androgens to the receptor or differences in the metabolic fates of the two hormones. In the current experiments, differential display PCR (ddPCR) was used to identify genes regulated differently by testosterone and DHT. Adult male rats were treated as follows: castrated, treated with Finasteride (an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase) or left intact for ten days. RNA was prepared from the dissected prostates of these animals and used for ddPCR. Genes exhibiting four distinct patterns of regulation were observed among the mRNAs. Class 1 genes showed equivalent expression in intact and Finasteride-treated animals, but were absent in castrated animals (mRNAs D1, D2, D6, D10). Class 2 genes showed higher expression in intact animals, intermediate levels following Finasteride treatment, but were absent in castrated animals (mRNA D8). Two classes of gene were particularly intriguing: class 3 showed gene expression only in the intact animal (mRNA D7, D9) and class 4 showed increased gene expression following Finasteride treatment (mRNA D3). While the patterns observed for some of these genes (e.g. D8) suggest that the different biological effects of testosterone and DHT may be due to the lower affinity of the AR for testosterone and limiting tissue concentrations of androgen, our results also suggest that some genes expressed in the rat prostate may be regulated in fundamentally different ways in response to testosterone and DHT.  相似文献   

    

MP Janssen  RO Blaauboer  MJ Pruppers 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,74(6):677-686

Risk assessment of exposure to sources of radiation is an important tool for national governments in regulating radionuclide emissions and thus reducing radiation doses for the general public. For this reason radiation doses from sources throughout The Netherlands have been analyzed. For sources with well-defined locations and doses that were thought to vary significantly throughout The Netherlands, radiation dose maps were produced. Average dose values were calculated or derived from the literature for doses considered to be evenly distributed throughout the country or for which no information on the geographical distribution of dose was available. Emission, dispersion, and individual dose were modeled for each source using various pathways and exposure routes. Indoor radon and gamma radiation from building materials generate the highest dose values. The highest human induced radiation doses for industries of which the doses showed to be geographically distributed are found in the cement industry, elemental phosphorus production, phosphoric acid production, and iron and steel production. Radiation dose from some of these sources has a very local peak and decreases rapidly with distance. The elemental phosphorus production causes relatively high radiation doses throughout a large part of The Netherlands. Cumulation of doses from various sources occurs, but these are often masked by doses from a few large industries.  相似文献   

    

Z Shao  IR Mellor  MJ Brierley  J Harris  PN Usherwood 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,286(3):1269-1276

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of the TE671 cell line were investigated using whole-cell and membrane patch recording techniques. At negative holding potentials (VH), pulses of acetylcholine (ACh) elicited whole-cell inward currents that rapidly desensitized. The EC50 value for ACh at VH = -60 mV was 7.8 microM. The ACh-induced current reversed at approximately 0 mV. Desensitization of nAChR by ACh was biphasic and reversible within approximately 20 sec. Spermine (1-100 microM) potentiated responses to ACh (10 microM - 1 mM) by reducing the rate of onset of desensitization; potentiation was inhibited by arcaine (10-100 microM). Spermine (1 mM) noncompetitively antagonized the AChinduced current. Antagonism by 1 to 5 mM spermine was voltage-dependent, increasing with negative VH. In 100 microM arcaine, this antagonism was shown to contain a voltage-independent component. Spermine (10 mM) increased the EC50 values for ACh, suggesting that at this concentration the polyamine is also a competitive antagonist. Single channel openings elicited during application of ACh to outside-out patches had a conductance of 47 pS at VH = -60 mV. At 10 and 100 microM, spermine increased channel open probability (po), but at 1 mM spermine, po was not significantly different from controls. The single channel conductance for ACh was unaffected by 10 and 100 microM spermine, but was decreased by 1 mM spermine. Spermine promoted the occurrence of approximately 27 pS openings. It is proposed that spermine acts at an excitatory modulatory site similar to that present on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and at least three inhibitory sites on nAChR of TE671 cells.  相似文献   

    

MJ Rathbone  KL Macmillan  K Inskeep  S Burggraaf  CR Bunt 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,54(2):117-148

This paper reviews the physiological, endocrinological and pharmaceutical literature pertaining to the design, development and optimisation of subcutaneous and intravaginal progestogen-containing drug delivery systems used in the control of synchrony and ovulation in cattle.  相似文献   

    

AJ Mandell  MJ Owens  KA Selz  WN Morgan  MF Shlesinger  CB Nemeroff 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,46(2):89-101

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether concentrations of albumin (reflecting nutritional state), C-reactive protein (reflecting an acute phase reaction) or plasma protease inhibitors (reflecting ongoing proteolysis) are good predictors of postoperative complications, and whether other biochemical tests may improve diagnostic accuracy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 260 patients undergoing elective surgery for malignant (n = 149) or benign (n = 111) disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative biochemical plasma measurements and postoperative complications. RESULTS: 192 patients recovered uneventfully and 35 had minor and 33 major postoperative complications. An increased plasma C-reactive protein concentration preoperatively, as well as a reduced albumin concentration, predicted the risk of developing major postoperative complications. Measurement of plasma protease inhibitors (C1-esterase inhibitor, alpha-2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III), specific biochemical studies of microheterogeneity, or comparison of quantitative and functional concentrations of the inhibitors gave no additional information. CONCLUSION: One measurement of the C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations preoperatively will identify patients at risk of developing severe postoperative complications.  相似文献   

    

WE Pelham  C Carlson  SE Sams  G Vallano  MJ Dixon  B Hoza 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,61(3):506-515

This study evaluated the separate and combined effects of behavior modification and 2 doses of methylphenidate (MPH; 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) compared with baseline (no behavior modification and a placebo) on the classroom behavior and academic performance of 31 ADHD (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder) boys attending a summer treatment program. Results revealed significant effects of both interventions, with the mean effect size of medication being more than twice as great as that of behavior modification. Relatively small incremental value was gained by the higher dose of medication or the addition of behavior modification, compared with the effects of the low dose of MPH. In contrast, the addition of either dose of MPH resulted in improvement beyond the effects of behavior modification alone. These group effects reflected those obtained in analyses of individual differences. Furthermore, comparisons of individual responsiveness showed that boys who responded to one treatment also responded to the other.  相似文献   

    

ZZ Nagy  B Seitz  MJ Maldonado  M Simon 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,35(3-4):325-332

The photorefractive effect of excimer lasers is based on an interaction between the 193-nm ultraviolet-C laser beam and the stromal chromophore molecules. Recently, in some patients an increase of subepithelial haze and a regression of refractive effect has been observed following suntanning (UV-B exposure). The aim of the study was to find out the possible endothelial damage caused by photoablation with increasing depth and the effect of subsequent UV-B exposure on previously photokeratactomized eyes. Altogether 12 chinchilla rabbits were treated. Four animals received a -5.0 D PRK; four animals a -15.0 D PRK and four animals a -30.0 D PRK treatment. The endothelial average number, size and variation were determined two weeks post-PRK. Three weeks following PRK, a half of the animals received a 1 J/cm2 ultraviolet-B radiation in a constant dermatological UV-chamber. The endothelial morphology was measured the same way with automated specular microscopy two weeks after UV-B irradiation. After PRK treatment there was no statistically demonstrable change in endothelial morphology. On the other hand, after UV-B radiation all eyes showed a decrease in endothelial number and an increase in size and variation. The ratio of hexagonality decreased, and endothelial rosette formation appeared. The early morphological changes resembled the physiological aging changes. Conditions (deep stromal photoablation, cumulative effect of suntanning or solarium treatments) may exaggerate the physiological aging processes leading to subsequent pleomorphism, polymegatism and cell loss. This may accelerate corneal dysfunction.  相似文献