Conventional vs. formulated foods in school lunches. II. Cost of food served, eaten, and wasted

School lunches containing all conventional foods were designed to provide one-third or one-half the recommended allowances for elementary students. The same nutrient levels were planned in meals containing some formulated items. Each type of meal was served for five days, and total food costs and costs of food served, consumed, and wasted were calculated. At the same nutritional level, mean preparation costs of partially formulated meals were lower than for meals composed of all conventional foods. Meals providing one-half the allowances and containing formulated items cost slightly less than totally conventional meals which provided one-third of the allowances. Cost of waste was lower with partially formulated meals.     

Effects of storage and handling on vitamins in fresh lima beans

Fresh Lima beans were subjected to various combinations of handling factors, including storage time and temperature, air during storage, water during preparation, hulling, and preparation method, to determine their effects on ascorbic acid, thiamin, and carotene content. Freezing resulted in highly significant losses of ascorbic acid and thiamin. Longer storage time and higher storage temperature resulted in significant reduction in ascorbic acid. Bruising, such as that occurring when beans are mechanically hulled, caused significant losses of both carotene and ascorbic acid. Significant interactions indicated that subjecting beans to circulating air and to bruising increased degradation of ascorbic acid and carotene. Increasing storage temperature compounded the effects of air circulation and of storage time on ascorbic acid. For example, 24-hr. storage at 45 degrees F was as severe as 72 hr. at 37 degrees F. Highest overall content of ascorbic acid was attained with hand-hulled samples stored in still air before cooking. Lowest content of ascorbic acid occurred in bruised beans cooked in copper-fortified water.     

Aging, metamemory, and high-confidence errors: A misrecollection account.

Two experiments showed that older adults were worse than younger adults at judging the accuracy of their responses on source identification (i.e., who said what) and cued-recall tests. It is important to note that this age-related metamonitoring impairment occurred even after older and younger adults were matched on overall source accuracy and cued-recall accuracy. By contrast, older and younger adults showed comparable metamonitoring capacities when assessing the likely accuracy of old-new recognition judgments and responses to questions about general knowledge. These experiments are consistent with the misrecollection account of cognitive aging, which suggests that age-related memory impairments are due to older adults' vulnerability to making high-confidence errors when answering questions that require memory for specific details about recently learned events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Semiologic, biochemical and electrophysiologic analysis of the stages of apopleptic coma

The paper contains some results of a comprehensive clinical, biochemical and electrophysiological study of 120 patients with different stages of an apoplectic coma. The authors studied the gas content, acid-base balance of the cranial blood inflow and outflow in the CSF and changes of EEG and EMG. It was shown that there were different levels of CNS lesions (cortico-subcortical, meso-diencephalic, meso-pontile and bulbar level) which corresponded to certain correlations between clinical, biochemical, EEG and EMG findings. The authors describe a classificational scheme of 4 stages of an apopletic coma. Special significance in the pathogenesis of a coma along with structural lesions in the different areas of the CNS is attached to metabolic disturbances and extracerebral factors (respiratory and circulatory disorders).     

Dislocation loops in tungstenite (WS2) crystals

TEM studies of tungstenite crystals grown by sublimation method have been investigated. Dislocation loops observed during such studies have been reported. It has been shown by different methods that these loops have a vacancy character.