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181.
Otto Richter Thomas Schmidt Hand Büning-Pfaue und Dietrich Reinhardt 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1988,187(2):130-136
Zusammenfassung Es werden pharmakokinetische Modelle angegeben, um den Konzentrationsverlauf von Arzneimittelrückständen im Menschen zu berechnen, die mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden. Dabei lassen sich zwei Kompartimentmodelle für die Kinetik in der Nahrung und im Menschen koppeln: Das erste System liefert die Anfangswerte (bzw. eine Folge von Anfangswerten) für das zweite System. Das Modell wird auf die Übertragung von Chloramphenicol durch Speisefische auf den Menschen und auf die Übertragung von Theophyin durch die Muttermilch auf gestillte Säuglinge angewendet. Durch Einführung einer günstigsten und ungünstigsten Parameterkombination werden Grenzverläufe für die Blutspiegel berechnet, die als Grundlage einer Rückstandsbewertung dienen können.
Residues of active substances following the consumption of contaminated food —Status report on the evaluation of residues based on two drugs
Summary Pharmacokinetic models are presented for the computation of time courses of blood levels of drugs in man following the consumption of contaminated food. Mathematically, two linear systems of differential equations are set up for the donor organism (e.g., trout) and for the recipient, (e.g., man), where the first system generates the initial conditions for the second. Models of this kind are applied to the transfer of chloramphenicol to man via carp and trout (which had previously been administered this drug) and to the transfer of theophylline to infants via breast milk. Limiting concentration profiles are computed by constructing the most favourable and most adverse combinations of parameters with respect to drug elimination in both the donor and recipient organism.相似文献
182.
Lisa Goedtke Heike Sprenger Ute Hofmann Felix F. Schmidt Helen S. Hammer Ulrich M. Zanger Oliver Poetz Albrecht Seidel Albert Braeuning Stefanie Hessel-Pras 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic matter. They induce their own metabolism by upregulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A1 (CYP1A1) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, previous studies showed that individual PAHs may also interact with the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Here, we studied ten PAHs, different in carcinogenicity classification, for their potential to activate AHR- and CAR-dependent luciferase reporter genes in human liver cells. The majority of investigated PAHs activated AHR, while non-carcinogenic PAHs tended to activate CAR. We further characterized gene expression, protein abundancies and activities of the AHR targets CYP1A1 and 1A2, and the CAR target CYP2B6 in human HepaRG hepatoma cells. Enzyme induction patterns strongly resembled the profiles obtained at the receptor level, with AHR-activating PAHs inducing CYP1A1/1A2 and CAR-activating PAHs inducing CYP2B6. In summary, this study provides evidence that beside well-known activation of AHR, some PAHs also activate CAR, followed by subsequent expression of respective target genes. Furthermore, we found that an increased PAH ring number is associated with AHR activation as well as the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, whereas smaller PAHs activated CAR but showed no DNA-damaging potential. 相似文献
183.
The solubility of sulfur in chromia has been studied in H2-H2O-H2S tagged with35S at 973 and 1173 K at low oxygen and sulfur partial pressures typical for coal gasification-systems. For monocrystalline samples, it has been shown that sulfur-containing species are only present adsorbed on the surface of the specimens and can be removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. The surface coverage after 4 weeks of exposure to H2-H2O-H2S was between 2.8 and 19.3% of a monolayer. In polycrystalline chromia, sulfur was located only in pores and cracks of the sample. In dense, compact areas of the specimens the solubility of sulfur was below the detection limit of autoradiography, which was estimated to be better than 0.17 ppm. 相似文献
184.
Silicon Nitride Derived from an Organometallic Polymeric Precursor: Preparation and Characterization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wayde R. Schmidt Vijay Sukumar William J. Hurley Jr. Roberto Garcia Robert H. Doremus Leonard V. Interrante Gary M. Renlund 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1990,73(8):2412-2418
Partially crystalline Si3 N4 , with nanosized crystals and a specific surface area greater than 200 m2 /g, is obtained by pyrolysis of a commercially available vinylic polysilane in a stream of anhydrous NH3 to 1000°C. This polymer does not contain N initially. Crystallization to high-purity α-Si3 N4 proceeds with additional heating above 1400°C under N2 . The changes in crystallinity, powder morphology, infrared spectra, and elemental compositions, for samples annealed from 1000° to 1600°C under N2 , are consistent with an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Although macroscopic consolidation and local densification occur at 1400°C, volatilization and accompanying weight loss limit bulk densification. The effect of temperature on specific surface area is examined and related to the sintering process. These results are applicable to pyrolysis, decomposition, and crystallization studies of ceramics synthesized by polymeric precursor routes. 相似文献
185.
186.
187.
Lars Fritzsche Jürgen Wegge Martin Schmauder Matthias Kliegel Klaus-Helmut Schmidt 《Ergonomics》2014,57(2):148-161
Prior research suggests that ergonomics work design and mixed teams (in age and gender) may compensate declines in certain abilities of ageing employees. This study investigates simultaneous effects of both team level factors on absenteeism and performance (error rates) over one year in a sample of 56 car assembly teams (N = 623). Results show that age was related to prolonged absenteeism and more mistakes in work planning, but not to overall performance. In comparison, high-physical workload was strongly associated with longer absenteeism and increased error rates. Furthermore, controlling for physical workload, age diversity was related to shorter absenteeism, and the presence of females in the team was associated with shorter absenteeism and better performance. In summary, this study suggests that both ergonomics work design and mixed team composition may compensate age-related productivity risks in manufacturing by maintaining the work ability of older employees and improving job quality. 相似文献
188.
Stefan Kühne Kurt Haskic Stephanie Lemke Martin Schmidt 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(10-11):2103-2107
The production of three dimensional blazed grating structures based on ultra-precision machining is an up-to-date issue. Hence, in the development of manufacturing technologies technology-related failure modes are generated due to structural variations. These failure errors must be recorded in cause and effect and then characterized by their type in order to achieve the optimum quality. This paper addresses the influence of processing parameters on the shape-persistence and hence on the grating quality and explains the possibility of detection and classification of them. 相似文献
189.
Richard Kotek Dong‐Wook Jung Joon Ho Kim Brent Smith Patricia Guzman Benjamin Schmidt 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,92(3):1724-1730
The surface alkaline hydrolysis of fibers made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was studied after extruding the polymer at high spinning speeds from 2000 to 6000 m/min and heat setting in the range of temperatures from 100 to 180°C. Fiber weight loss increased with an increasing heat‐setting temperature but it was also dependent on the spinning speed. Some of the partially hydrolyzed fibers had a well‐developed, hydrophilic surface, and pore size in the range of 0.69 to 1.20 μm. The optimum reaction and morphological conditions for increasing porosity in PTT fibers depends on spinning speed and heat‐setting temperature. A temperature of 180°C is the upper limit for heat‐setting PTT filaments but seems to be the most effective for making porous fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1724–1730, 2004 相似文献
190.
Liquid-crystalline thermosets (LCT) are a new class of materials which combine typical properties of LC polymers with those of conventional thermosets. This article reports on the development of a lyotropic LC thermoset (LLCT) in which the solvent is a vinyl monomer. Such an LLCT is expected to have several advantages compared to conventional unsaturated polyester resins. The synthesis and characterization of a variety of novel substituted para-linked aromatic polyesters and copolyesters containing unsaturated fumaroyl units is presented. The thermal and liquid crystal properties were investigated. It is demonstrated that it is possible to prepare a lyotropic LC solution in styrene. These lyotropic solutions are capable of thermal crosslinking by the addition of a free-radical initiator. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献