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81.
An integral method is investigated and developed in the current work. The effects of the parameters of inlet distortions
on the trend of downstream flow feature in compressor are simulated. Other than the drag-to-lift ratio of the blade and the
inlet incidence angle, it is found that the distorted inlet velocity is another essential parameter to control the distortion
in propagation. Based on this study, a novel critical distortion line and corresponding critical distortion factor are proposed
to express the effect of the two essential inlet parameters on the propagation of distortion, namely, the inlet incidence
angle and the distorted inlet velocity. From the viewpoint of compressor efficiency, the propagation of inlet flow distortion
is further described by a compressor critical performance and its critical characteristic. The results present a useful physical
insight to an axial flow compressor behavior and asymptotic behavior of the propagation of inlet distortion, and confirm the
active role of compressor in determining the velocity distribution when compressor responds to an inlet flow distortion.
Received: 20 December 2001 / Accepted: 21 August 2002
The authors would like to thank HQ RSAF for permission to publish this work, their financial support and encouragement. The
first author wants to acknowledge Prof. Frank Marble of California Institute of Technology, for bringing the problem to the
author's attention and for his helpful discussion. 相似文献
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E Padovan T Bauer MM Tongio H Kalbacher HU Weltzien 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,27(6):1303-1307
Although hapten immune responses have been intensively studied in the mouse, very little is known about hapten determinants involved in human allergic reactions. Penicillins, as chemically reactive compounds of low molecular weight, constitute typical examples of hapten allergens for humans. Penicillins become immunogenic only after covalent binding to carrier proteins and in this form frequently induced IgE-mediated allergic reactions in patients subjected to antibiotic treatment. However, our previous data strongly indicated that penicillins also form part of the epitopes contacting the antigen receptors of beta lactam-specific T cells in allergic individuals. We have therefore investigated the molecular constraints involved in the T cell immune response to penicillin G (Pen G). Designer peptides containing a DRB1*0401-binding motif and covalently modified with Pen G via a lysine epsilon-amino group were found to induce proliferation of Pen G-specific T cell clones. A precise positioning of the hapten molecule on the peptide backbone was required for optimal T cell recognition. Furthermore, we extended these observations from our designer peptides to show that a peptide sequence derived from a natural DRB1*1101-binding peptide modified in vitro with Pen G, also acquired antigenic properties. Our data for the first time provide insight into the manner in which allergenic haptens are recognized by human T cells involved in allergic reactions to drugs and suggest possible mechanisms leading to the onset of these adverse immune responses. 相似文献
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In this letter, we report on the electrical characteristic and the comparison of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with PECVD silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon oxynitride (SiON). Both capacitors are found to exhibit low leakage and high breakdown field strength, as well as absence of dispersive behavior, good linearity, and comparable quality factor behaviors. 相似文献
89.
Ng J.S. Tan C.H. David J.P.R. Hill G. Rees G.J. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2003,50(4):901-905
Electron and hole ionization coefficients in In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As are deduced from mixed carrier avalanche photomultiplication measurements on a series of p-i-n diode layers, eliminating other effects that can lead to an increase in photocurrent with reverse bias. Low field ionization is observed for electrons but not for holes, resulting in a larger ratio of ionization coefficients, even at moderately high electric fields than previously reported. The measured ionization coefficients are marginally lower than those of GaAs for fields above 250 kVcm/sup -1/, supporting reports of slightly higher avalanche breakdown voltages in In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As than in GaAs p-i-n diodes. 相似文献
90.
The distribution of ergosterol in different parts of shiitake mushrooms was studied in order to optimize the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2 during drying. The effect of moisture on the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2 was also investigated by adjusting the moisture content of fresh mushrooms to different levels in a large vacuum desiccator and subjecting them to UV irradiation at 290-320 nm wavelength, for 2 h. The moisture, ergosterol and vitamin D2 contents were determined using standard procedures. It was found that the ergosterol content on a dry matter basis of fresh shiitake mushroom was highest in the gills (10.6 ± 0.99 mg/g DM), followed by the cap or pileus (5.34 ± 0.64 mg/g DM) and was least in the stalk or stipe (2.97 ± 0.56). The moisture content had a marked influence on the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2, the best conversion taking place at a moisture content of about 70% on a wet basis. 相似文献