Study of in vivo tumor state and response to therapy by analysis of DNA distribution

Comparative studies of cefamandole and cephalothin were carried out in 32 cancer patients. After rapid intravenous injection of 1 gm cefamandole or cephalothin, the peak mean serum concentrations in 11 patients achieved at 0.25 hr were 103.4 mcg/ml and 56.7 mcg/ml, respectively. Except at 6 hr, the serum concentration of cefamandole was higher (p less than 0.05) at all times. The terminal half-lives (t 1/2) were similar, being 1.2 hr for cefamandole and 1.0 hr for cephalothin. Cefamandole, 1 gm intramuscularly, induced a peak mean serum concentration of 26.6 mcg/ml at 1 hr, with a slow decay. Intermittent cefamandole (2 gm intravenously every 6 hr) induced very high mean serum concentrations (7 patients), but at 4 hr the concentrations were similar to those after 1 gm intravenously. Per cent of urinary excretion was similar for both drugs regardless of dose and mode of administration. Continuous-infusion cefamandole or cephalothin (2 gm loading followed by 2 gm every 6 hr) in 14 patients showed consistently higher serum concentrations for cefamandole (p less than 0.05) over a 5-day period. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in the multiple-dose studies. Both the single- and multiple-dose schedules were well tolerated.     

Urography during pregnancy

A review of 22,971 pregnancies from 1969-74 reveals that the reasons for requesting excretory urography were renal colic of pregnancy 11, pyelonephritis 8, renal contusion 2, threatened abortion 1, and suspected degeneration of fibroid 1. The final diagnoses were similar except that two patients with torsion of ovarian cysts and a renal calculus were discovered. The only intravenous pyelographic examination that was decisive for diagnosis was in a patient with a ureteric calculus. Careful clinical correlation should reduce excretory urography during pregnancy.     

Stimulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the epididymis and accessory organs of the rat by testosterone

The metabolism of 3H-testosterone by the epididymis and accessory organs of adult male rats exposed continuously to microdoses of cyproterone acetate from subcutaneous capsules were studied. The major metabolite of 3H-testosterone in the epididymis, vas deferens and ventral prostate of control rat was dihydrotestosterone while the formation of androstanediol by these tissues was low. The highest percentage of DHT was formed by the ventral prostate and cauda epididymis. In rats exposed to cyproterone acetate for four months, the conversion of testosterone to DHT was inhibited in all the tissues but maximally in the ventral prostate and cauda epididymis. In these rats, the secretory function of the ventral prostate was normal while that of the epididymis was markedly decreased. These data are discussed based on the differential thresholds of androgens required to regulate the functions of the accessory organs.     

A new method of treatment for mallet finger. A preliminary report

An infant with a typical Edwards syndrome and a modal chromosome number of 46 is reported. In all cells analyzed one chromosome G was missing and an additional chromosome similar to a pair No. 16 was present. The phenotype of the child indicates that the extra element is a translocation between G and 18 chromosomes as in one case described previously.     

Interference of bronchographic agents with lung surfactant

Dionosil Oily (a suspension of propyliodone crystals in peanut oil and powdered tantalum were introduced into the right principal bronchi of rabbit lungs. The left lungs were used as controls. Pressure-volume characteristics of excised lungs with Dionosil Oily or peanut oil demonstrated significantly reduced compliance on inflation at a pressure of 3-4 cm H2O. These lungs also retained less air on deflation and therefore demonstrated a significantly reduced stability index. Histological sections revealed microatelectasis closely associated with crystals and/or peanut oil. Lungs with tantalum powder were not measurably influenced by the bronchographic agents. Surface balance experiments with lung surfactant and synthetic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) demonstrated an increased minimum surface tension due to the oil suspension of propyliodone, peanut oil and particles (propyliodone and tantalum). There is good evidence that the oil suspension of propyliodone reduced the surface activity of lung surfactant in situ. Particles also may prevent the minimum surface tension from reaching relatively low values if they enter the alveoli in sufficient quantities.     

Phagocytosis and erythroblastosis. I. Modification of the neonatal response by promethazine hydrochloride

Phagocytic cells were obtained from children at ages comparable to those at which the disease is most commonly seen during pregnancy. The effect of P-HCl on the phagocytic action of these cells on opsonized red blood cells was studied in vitro.     

The continent ileostomy and the isolated ileal bladder

To study the mechanism of action by which droperidol exerts a negative chronotropic effect, 3 series of experiments were performed: a) on isolated right atria of rabbits, b) on the isolated vas deferens of guinea-pigs and c) by injecting the drug directly into the sinus node artery of anesthetized dogs. Isolated tissue results include: lack of cholinergic action or beta-adrenergic antagonism: a calcium ion flux interference could not be demonstrated. Alpha adrenergic antagonism of the drug (pA2) was ascertained in the vas deferens. Injections of droperidol in the sinus node artery caused a negative chrontropic effect proportional to the dose and arrest ensued with the largest dose followed by His escape rhythm. Droperidol could not inhibit isoproterenol or dopamine-induced tachycardia and showed similar negative chronotropism in vagotomized and atropinized dogs. Negative chronotropic effects of the drug appear to be caused by an exit blockade of sinus impulses.     

A new hybrid control technique for operation of DC microgrid under islanded operating mode

This study proposes a novel combined primary and secondary control approach for direct current microgrids, specifically in islanded mode. In primary control, this approach establishes an appropriate load power sharing between the distributed energy resources based on their rated power. Simultaneously, it considers the load voltage deviation and provides satisfactory voltage regulation in the secondary control loop. The proposed primary control is based on an efficient droop mechanism that only deploys the local variable measurements, so as to overcome the side effects caused by communication delays. In the case of secondary control, two different methods are devised. In the first, low bandwidth communication links are used to establish the minimum required data transfer between the converters. The effect of communication delay is further explored. The second method excludes any communication link and only uses local variables. Accordingly, a self-sufficient control loop is devised without any communication requirement. The proposed control notions are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink platform to highlight system performance. The results demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively compensate for the voltage deviation due to the primary control task. Detailed comparisons of the two methods are also provided.