Personality characteristics and socioeconomic variables.

Conducted a study of 125 male and 128 female heads of household in Ontario, Canada in order to determine the relationship between scores on 11 personality scales (from the Personality Research Form, MPI, and CPI) and socioeconomic status and age. Results reveal a number of significant correlations of male Ss with age, household income, occupational status, and educational level. The Dominance scale showed the highest correlation with male Ss' income and educational level. Male non-high school graduates' scores on Harmavoidance and Change scales varied markedly with age level. Although the above findings with regard to age and education applied to both male and female Ss, correlations with male Ss were considerably higher than those with female Ss. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Affect and stereoscopic resolution.

A set of nonsense syllables were associated, by the method of anticipation, with pictures previously scaled with regard to pleasantness and unpleasantness. Syllables associated with pleasant and with unpleasant pictures were paired and presented in a stereoscopic binocular rivalry apparatus. Ss seeing relatively more "unpleasant" syllables scored significantly in the shallow-affect direction on a personality scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The cost of controlling crime: A study in economies of city life

Conclusions Sizeable economies and diseconomies of size exist with regard to a given quality of police protection. Our results show that the per capita social cost of crime declines slowly with larger cities until a low point is reached in cities with a population ranging from 250, 000 to 500, 000. Social costs rise sharply for cities of over 1 million inhabitants. By and large, the smaller cities are able to reduce their crime rates with an increase in police numbers while the larger cities fail to do so based on evidence from time series analysis. Thus our results underestimate the social cost of crime in large cities even though they show the cost to be lower in small cities than in large cities. The results suggest that policies of decentralization rather than increasing police rates may be the most cost-effective long-run solution to high crime rates in large cities. Recommendation of a policy, however, awaits a more definitive analysis of costs of other services by city size.Journal Article 2110 of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation. Dean Schreiner and Gerald Doeksen contributed several suggestions which improved this study.     

Effect of maternal high histidine levels on activity and maze retention in the rat.

4 groups of pregnant albino rats were maintained on either a histidine-high diet, or received periodic injections of C-nitromethane, or they received both treatments throughout gestation. Later, the offspring were tested in an open field for activity in a maze-learning task and retested for the retention of the maze habit. Results show that both nitromethane injections and histidine-high diets resulted in impaired performance. On the open field test, the experimental Ss were more active, and on initial learning of the maze pattern they demonstrated a learning deficit. However, when retested 7 and 30 days later, they showed no deficit in retention of the maze habit. In addition, an analysis of covariance indicated that the hyperactivity and learning deficit were independent characteristics of maternal hyperhistidinemia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relative influence of job and supervision on shared worker attitudes.

Examined whether similarities of job attitudes among workers are more closely associated with the nature of the job itself or with the nature of the supervision received. Comparisons of attitude similarity between 155 pairs of workers were made for 4 classes: workers having the same job, the same supervisor, both, or neither. Comparisons were made between class means to assess the relative association of job and supervision with attitude similarity between workers. Overall results showed shared supervision to be significantly associated (p     

The relationship between maladaptive cognitions and social anxiety.

Used the cognitive theories of A. Beck (see PA, Vol 56:8303) and A. Ellis (see PA, Vol 37:1437) to identify cognitive phenomena thought to be related to social anxiety. Their constructs, risk appraisal and irrational beliefs, were operationalized for the present study. Both discriminated between a clinical sample of 46 anxious men and a group of 18 competent daters (18–26 yrs). Together they accounted for 35% of the variance in social anxiety for a mixed sample of high, moderate, and low confident men. Ss were administered the Irrational Beliefs Test, Survey of Heterosexual Interactions, and Situational Expectancies Inventory. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical significance and implications for cognitive assessment of social anxiety. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conjugate phase MRI reconstruction with spatially variant sample density correction

A new image reconstruction method to correct for the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity in non-Cartesian sampled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed. The conjugate phase reconstruction method, which corrects for phase accumulation due to applied gradients and magnetic field inhomogeneity, has been commonly used for this case. This can lead to incomplete correction, in part, due to the presence of gradients in the field inhomogeneity function. Based on local distortions to the k-space trajectory from these gradients, a spatially variant sample density compensation function is introduced as part of the conjugate phase reconstruction. This method was applied to both simulated and experimental spiral imaging data and shown to produce more accurate image reconstructions. Two approaches for fast implementation that allow the use of fast Fourier transforms are also described. The proposed method is shown to produce fast and accurate image reconstructions for spiral sampled MRI.