飞到雅加达和曼谷去品酒

正如英国小说家狄更斯在其著名小说<双城记>中对巴黎和伦敦两个城市的描述一样,东南亚的大都市对于政治动乱也毫不陌生.雅加达(Jakana)和曼谷(Bangkok)的人们已经或多或少习惯于生活在革命暴乱和政局的不稳定之中.生活还在继续,但是过渡时期的混乱对这里的生活方式和当地经济还是产生了一些消极的影响.例如,旅游业是印度尼西亚和泰国的重要产业,而雅加达和曼谷作为这两个国家的主要旅游门户,如果发生政治动荡就非常不利于当地经济的发展.     

New lignan tyramide,phenolics, megastigmanes,and their glucosides from aerial parts of New Zealand spinach,Tetragonia tetragonoides

Food Science and Biotechnology - Twenty compounds, including a new lignan amide, were isolated from the aerial parts of New Zealand spinach, Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze, which is an...     

Assessing the multi-resolution information content of remotely sensed variables and elevation for evapotranspiration in a tall-grass prairie environment

Understanding the spatial scaling behavior of evapotranspiration and its relation to controlling factors on the land surface is necessary to accurately estimate regional water cycling. We propose a method for ascertaining this scaling behavior via a combination of wavelet multi-resolution analysis and information theory metrics. Using a physically-based modeling framework, we are able to compute spatially distributed latent heat fluxes over the tall-grass prairie in North-central Kansas for August 8, 2005. Comparison with three eddy-covariance stations and a large aperture scintillometer demonstrates good agreement, and thus give confidence in the modeled fluxes. Results indicate that the spatial variability in radiometric temperature (a proxy for soil moisture) most closely controls the spatial variability in evapotranspiration. Small scale variability in the water flux can be ascribed to the small scale spatial variance in the fractional vegetation. In addition, correlation analysis indicates general scale invariance and that low spatial resolution data may be adequate for accurately determining water cycling in prairie ecosystems.     

A simplified adaptive modulation scheme for D-STTD systems with linear receivers

In this letter, we consider D-STTD (Double Space Time Transmit Diversity) with an adaptive modulation (AM) scheme. The simple criteria for AM are proposed according to linear receivers and the corresponding AM schemes are derived to minimize bit error rate under the constraint of the total data rate and total transmit power. The D-STTD system using the proposed AM scheme requires low computational complexity and small feedback information. The performance of D-STTD system using the proposed scheme is improved by 7 dB or more in signal to noise ratio corresponding to 10/sup -4/ bit error rate.     

Following People Through Time: An Analysis of Individual Residential Mobility Biographies

The life course framework guides us towards investigating how dynamic life course careers affect residential mobility decision-making and behaviour throughout long periods of individual lifetimes. However, most longitudinal studies linking mobility decision-making to subsequent moving behaviour focus only on year-to-year transitions. This study moves beyond this snapshot approach by analysing the long-term sequencing of moving desires and mobility behaviour within individual lives. Using novel techniques to visualise the desire–mobility sequences of British Household Panel Survey respondents, the study demonstrates that revealing the meanings and significance of particular transitions in moving desires and mobility behaviour requires these transitions to be arranged into mobility biographies. The results highlight the oft-neglected importance of residential stability over the life course, uncovering groups of individuals persistently unable to act in accordance with their moving desires.     

Group velocity control of a light pulse using giant nonlinearities

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a scheme to enhance nonlinearities of a probe pulse at both cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase modulation (SPM) in a four-level system. Based on standing wave grating generated by counter-propagating resonant signal fields and an additional off-resonant coupling field, a giant nonlinear refractive index of the resonant probe field is obtained with absorption suppressed. Group velocity of the probe pulse can be controlled by both XPM and SPM nonlinearities.     

Determination of molecular weights of caprine milk proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Molecular weights (MW) of major proteins in milk of 3 Korean dairy goat breeds were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after treatment of milk samples with the reduction buffer used in capillary electrophoresis. The MW of caprine milk proteins were compared with those of Holstein milk counterparts using commercial bovine milk protein standards. The MW of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and α- and β-casein standards were 14,197±3.4, 18,326±26.3, 23,591±13.0, and 23,967±12.8 m/z, respectively, whereas those of Holstein milk treated with the reduction buffer were 14,199±8.3, 18,397±25.9, 23,614±64.8, and 23,984±75.6 m/z, respectively. The respective MW of α-lactalbumin in Saanen, Toggenberg, and Alpine milk were 14,194±27.2, 14,266±105.9, and 14,241±13.2 m/z, which were not different from those of the bovine milk. The respective MW of β- lactoglobulin in corresponding caprine milk were 18,840±31.5, 18,856±26.3, and 18,857±21.3 m/z, which were higher than those in the bovine milk. The MW of β-casein in corresponding caprine milk were 23,860±27.2, 23,886±12.3, and 23,901±8.4 m/z, which were lower than those in the bovine milk. The results indicated that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry could be used for rapid determination of MW of Korean caprine milk proteins without protein separation steps.     

Diversity and toxigenicity among members of the Bacillus cereus group

Members of the Bacillus cereus group were isolated from rice products by centrifugation-plating and conventional spread-plating methods. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) results showed broad diversity among the strains and revealed some associations among isolates from raw and cooked rice samples, at the genotypic level. A comparatively greater diversity among strains was observed in isolates from raw rice than those from cooked rice and, generally, the RAPD profiles of isolates from raw and cooked rice were different, with only a few of them common to both types of rice. The toxigenic potential of the isolates was also determined by molecular and immunoassay analyses. The results revealed that most isolates from the B. cereus group were potentially or actually toxigenic, and some isolates could produce both diarrhoeal and emetic toxins. Generally, isolates belonging to the B. cereus group with the same RAPD pattern were shown to have a similar profile of enterotoxigenicity.