Effect of carbon steel microstructures and molecular structure of two new Schiff base compounds on inhibition performance in 1 M HCl solution by EIS

In this investigation, attempts have been made to study the inhibitive effect of N,N′-ortho-phenylen acetyle acetone imine (S1) and 4-[(3-{[1-(2-hydroxy phenyl) methylidene] amino} propyl] ethanemidol]-1,3-benzenediol (S2) in the concentration range of 50–400 ppm for mild steel with two different microstructures resulted from two different heat treatments (annealed (A) and quenched and tempered (Q&T)) in 1 M hydrochloric acid by ac impedance spectroscopy. The tests were conducted in acid solutions in the absence and presence of different concentrations of S1 and S2 Schiff bases for both microstructures. A sole time constant was observed from Bode-phase angle plots in the presence of inhibitors which reveals that the action of inhibitors is through adsorption on the surface. The charge transfer resistance and inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in Schiff bases concentration for both microstructures. The perlite samples in the absence of inhibitors in 1 M hydrochloric acid indicated slightly less corrosion than martensite ones, which was because of more protective oxide layers. Furthermore in the presence of S1 and S2, these samples showed better adsorption than martensite one. Schiff base S1 showed a better inhibition against corrosion in comparison with S2. Both S1 and S2 adsorbed on steel surface according to a Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The associated Gibbs free energies for S1 on both microstructures are more than S2.     

Synthesis and characterization of new polyurethanes: influence of monomer composition

Different polyurethanes (PU) were synthesized from polycaprolactone diol, 1.6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate, using a two- and one-step methods providing regular and random distributions of starting monomers in the polyurethane chains. Even with an identical molar monomer composition, the properties of obtained PU are different depending on the method of synthesis. The chemical structure of PU was characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, as well as by FTIR and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of synthesized PU were also studied demonstrating the influence of aromatic ring in the macromolecular chain.     

Post operative psychosis

The dimerization of the variable fragment of the Bence-Jones protein Au was examined in phosphate buffers at pH 6.8-6.9 And ionic strength of 0.1 M or 0.2 M at 20 degrees C. The dimerization constant was about 1 X 10(5) M-1. The reaction enthalpy was positive and the process was entropy driven. The association and dissociation rate constants were 9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 1.5 X 10(2) s-1 respectively. Temperature-jump experiments exhibited the presence of two isomers of the dimer, which are present at equilibrium in a ratio of about 1:1. Isomerization occurred with a half-life of about 0.1 s.     

Vapour side corrosion in a ME desalination plant at Jebel Dhana

Jebel Dhana, from the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA), operates two 2 MGD multi-effect thermo-compression distillers commissioned in 1996. Tube failures were first reported approximately 16 months after commissioning. The initial tube failures were from the upper rows, but more recent failures were apparently randomly distributed throughout the tube bundle. Ten tubes were removed and their corrosion morphology was examined macroscopically and microscopically. The corrosion products were analysed by X-ray, EDAX, and EPMA techniques. The copper nickel alloy tubes were found to have suffered from vapour side corrosion; however, there was no sign of any copper oxide deposition, as has often been seen in failed tubes from MSF distillers. The failures took two forms: corrosion fatigue cracking, and pitting corrosion. The corrosion fatigue was in the form of a circumferential crack at a flat portion of the tube in the centre of a tube span. It was believed that the flat surface had developed as a result of fretting against a neighbouring tube, and had been worn away to the point of failure. Unfortunately, the position of the tubes in the tube bundle had not been identified during their removal, but it is suspected that the damaged tube had been in the top row, with the flattened portion directly below one of the two vapour inlet pipes. The other tubes sampled showed pitting corrosion. Some of the pitting had perforated the tube walls whilst others showed pitting on the outer surface only. Some of the pits contained corrosion products whilst others were free of them. This pitting corrosion is attributed to the formation of carbonic acid in the presence of oxygen (air). A weak acid is formed due to the dissolution of CO₂ in the condensing water vapour. The gas concentration varies within the tube bundle, due to the vapour phase, allowing the gas concentration to increase in specific areas of the tube bundle, causing the non-uniformity of attack. There was no immediate tie-up between the pitting corrosion and the two steam inlet pipes due to the unknown position of the sampled tubes within the tube bundle. It is recommended that the oxygen level be reduced by ensuring that the distiller vessels are as air-tight as possible, thus reducing the tendency towards pitting corrosion.     

Transparent thin thermoplastic biochip by injection-moulding and laser transmission welding

Recently microfluidic devices have emerged as a viable technology for the miniaturization of high throughput tools for analytical tasks related to structural biology such as screening of crystallization conditions and structural analysis. This work reports the manufacture of microfluidic chips in transparent thermoplastic polymers [poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)] using two complementary technologies, injection moulding for the fabrication of the fluidic level and laser transmission welding for the sealing of the cover. A steel mould insert was produced by laser micro caving using a solid state laser radiation source (Nd:YAG, wavelength 1,064 nm). Fluidic chips of ~670 μm thickness comprising channels of 50 μm depth and width down to 50 μm were injection moulded in PMMA and COC. Joining of transparent thin cover film to the micro-injected fluidic level was performed by laser transmission welding using high power diode laser radiation (wavelength 940 nm) and an intermediate thin absorbing layer with a thickness of about several nanometers.     

On the Characterization of Thermal-Conductivity Degradation During Torsional Fatigue

The thermal conductivity of a metal, subjected to cyclic loading, changes as it degrades due to the appearance of micro-cracks and micro-voids. This continues up to the critical stage where macro-cracks are created and failure occurs. In this study, a theoretical model for thermal-conductivity deterioration is presented that accounts for the cyclic loading. To examine the validity of the results obtained from a theoretical model, an apparatus is designed to measure thermal-conductivity degradation by means of the guarded-comparative-longitudinal heat-flow technique. Results of a series of thermal-conductivity measurements at several stages of torsional fatigue tests are presented. It is shown that the thermal conductivity of Al 6061-T6 decreases approximately 8 % to 12 % before complete failure takes place.     

Electrochemical behavior of organic and inorganic complexes of Zn(II) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: Solution phase study

This work intends to study inhibitive performance of organic and inorganic complexes of Zn(II) using electrochemical techniques along with surface analysis. In this regard, inorganic zinc aluminum polyphosphate pigment as modified zinc phosphate and zinc acetylacetonate and benzimidazole mixture representing organic replacement of zinc phosphate were employed. Through taking advantage of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and DC polarization, two mentioned approaches were indicated to be efficient. Charge transfer resistance and corrosion current density values exhibited superiority of zinc aluminum polyphosphate and mixture of zinc acetylacetonate and benzimidazole compared to zinc phosphate and also zinc acetylacetonate and benzimidazole as individual inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition efficiencies calculated based on charge transfer resistance in consistent with those calculated from corrosion current density showed the following sequence; zinc aluminum polyphosphate > mixture of zinc acetylacetonate and benzimidazole > zinc acetylacetonate > zinc phosphate > benzimidazole. Showing film formation, surface analysis SEM/EDX confirmed the results obtained by electrochemical methods.     

Evaluation of the effect of vinyltrimethoxysilane on corrosion resistance and adhesion strength of epoxy coated AA1050

The quality of surface treatment of aluminum alloy (AA1050) with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) was examined. Calculated surface energy with Van Oss, Chaudury and Good (VOCG) method showed higher surface energy of treated specimens. Chemical interaction between silane layer and aluminium surface was examined via FTIR-ATR. In addition, practical adhesion was measured in dry, wet and recovered states via pull-off method and compared to adhesion strength of desmutted and chromated specimens. Results showed good adhesion performance in dry state for silane treated specimens. Corrosion protective performance of epoxy coating in the presence of silane layer on aluminum was studied with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with coated desmutted and chromated specimens. Water sensitivity of silane layer resulted in poor protective performance of specimens treated at pH > isoelectric point (IEP).