Microstructure,Texture, and Mechanical Behavior of As-cast Ni-Fe-W Matrix Alloy

This article describes the tensile properties, flow, and work-hardening behavior of an experimental alloy 53Ni-29Fe-18W in as-cast condition. The microstructure of the alloy 53Ni-29Fe-18W displays single phase (fcc) in as-cast condition along with typical dendritic features. The bulk texture of the as-cast alloy reveals the triclinic sample symmetry and characteristic nature of coarse-grained materials. The alloy exhibits maximum strength (σ_YS and σ_UTS) values along the transverse direction. The elongation values are maximum and minimum along the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. Tensile fracture surfaces of both the longitudinal and transverse samples display complete ductile fracture features. Two types of slip lines, namely, planar and intersecting, are observed in deformed specimens and the density of slip lines increases with increasing the amount of deformation. The alloy displays moderate in-plane anisotropy (A_IP) and reasonably low anisotropic index (δ) values, respectively. The instantaneous or work-hardening rate curves portray three typical stages (I through III) along both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The alloy exhibits dislocation-controlled strain hardening during tensile testing, and slip is the predominant deformation mechanism.     

城市污泥对五彩湾高钠煤灰熔融特性的影响

通过X射线衍射（XRD）谱图分析结合灰熔融温度测定,研究了五彩湾高钠煤灰中矿物转化机理及城市污泥对高钠煤灰分特性的影响。试验结果表明：当污泥添加质量比为S/C（sludge/coal）=4时,结渣指数（F_s）_sludge=1150℃,污泥提高灰熔融温度程度较小。对污泥改性使其（SiO₂/Al₂O₃）物质的量比为2,添加至煤中,当S/C > 1时,F_s > 1235℃,灰熔融温度明显提高。R_b/a、R_b/a（+P）、R_b/a×Na等指标可良好预测高钠煤与污泥混合物燃烧的沾污、结渣倾向。煤在空气气氛下,燃烧温度800～1100℃,灰中主要矿物钠长石、钙铁辉石、蓝方石等熔点低,高熔点矿物霞石等助融性强、消失温度低。而添加污泥后,混合物灰中新生成Ca₃（PO₄）₂、Ca₂P₂O₇、CaAl₂Si₂O₈等高熔点物质,有利于提高煤灰熔融温度。而污泥中（SiO₂/Al₂O₃）比、Fe含量高,会对硅铝酸盐等产生助熔作用,抑制污泥中P提高灰熔融温度的作用。     

吗啡戒断大鼠脑多巴胺转运蛋白及D2受体的研究

采用多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)示踪剂125I-甲基-3β-(4-碘苯基)托烷-2β-羧酸酯(β-CIT)及D2受体示踪剂125I-左旋-3-碘-2-羟基-6-甲氧基-N[(1-乙基-2-比咯烷)甲基]苯酰胺(IBZM)探讨吗啡戒断前、后大鼠脑突触前、后多巴胺(DA)系统的变化.吗啡戒断1、2、3天组大鼠(各10只)分别于连续给予吗啡(20mg/kg)8天后停止给予吗啡1、2、3天再进行实验;吗啡(20mg/kg)组及生理盐水对照组大鼠各12只;对照组大鼠只给予腹腔注射0.3 mL生理盐水,共计8天.将吗啡组、戒断1、2、3天组及生理盐水对照组大鼠各进一步随机平均分为两组,分别用于125I-IBZM、125I-β-CIT脑内分布研究.结果:(1)吗啡戒断组大鼠自戒断第2天开始出现明显的腹泻症状,同时还伴有叩齿及寒战等症状出现.(2)在20mg/kg吗啡及戒断组的125I-β-CIT脑内分布中,吗啡组在纹状体(ST)、伏隔核(NAC)的分布明显高于戒断1、2、3天组和对照组(P＜0.05),在额叶(FC)、海马(HIP)的分布也高于戒断组及对照组(P＜0.05).戒断1、2、3天组在ST、NAC及HIP的分布与对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).(3)125I-IBZM在吗啡依赖及戒断组的脑内分布显示:吗啡组在ST、NAC的分布明显低于戒断1、2、3天组和对照组(P＜0.05);在HIP及皮层的分布也低于对照组及戒断各组(P＜0.05 ).戒断1、2、3天组在ST、NAC的125I-IBZM分布增加逐渐增高,其中戒断各组在ST的分布均低于对照组(P＜0.05);在NAC戒断1天组仍低于对照组(P＜0.05),而戒断2、3天组125I-IBZM在NAC的分布与对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).由此可得出结论:吗啡戒断组大鼠出现了明显的戒断症状.在吗啡依赖中ST、NAC及HIP等的DAT出现了上调,D2受体则出现一种下调的低敏状态,吗啡戒断使这种增高DA能的活动及DAT回落并趋于正常范围,并使NAC及ST下调的D2受体逐渐回升.     

Alignment control of polythiophene chains with mesostructured silica nanofibers having different pore orientations

Alignment control of polythiophene chains with mesostructured silica nanofibers through an organic-inorganic co-assembly approach is realized. Cationic ammonium surfactants with a polymerizable thiophene end group are synthesized and subsequently used as structure-directing agents to grow silica nanofibers with two different pore architectures. In situ polymerization produces mesostructured polythiophene-silica nanofibers with the polymer chains aligned along the pore channels.     

Synthesis of Combretastatin-A4 Carboxamidest that Mimic Sulfonyl Piperazines by a Molecular Hybridization Approach: in vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization

Molecular hybridization approach is a promising structural modification tool to design new chemical entities (NCEs) by mimicking two different pharmacophoric units into one scaffold to enhance the biological properties. With this aim, combretastatin-A4 acids were integrated with sulfonyl piperazine scaffolds as a one molecular platform and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer lines cell lines namely, lung (A549), mouse melanoma (B16F10), breast (MDA MB-231and MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) by MTT assay. Amongst which the compound (E)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one ( 5 ab ) displayed significant IC₅₀ values in the range of 0.36 to 7.08 μm against the selected cancer cell lines. Moreover, 5 ab was found to be the most potent member of this series with IC₅₀ 0.36±0.02 μm . Further investigations revealed that the compound 5 ab displayed significant inhibition of tubulin assembly with IC₅₀ 5.24±0.06 μm and molecular docking studies also disclosed the binding of 5 ab effectively in CA4 binding space at the colchicine binding site. The flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the compound 5 ab caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in A549 cells. Compound 5 ab induced apoptosis in A549 cells which was further evaluated by different staining assays such as DAPI and AO which undoubtedly speculated, the induction of apoptosis. To study the anti-migration with 5 ab , cell migration/scratch wound assay was performed and the extent of apoptosis was studied by Annexin-V, including mitochondrial potential by JC-1 staining.     

Action of some proteic and carbohydrate components of Symphytum officinale upon normal and neoplastic cells

OBJECTIVES: To describe the distribution of nosocomial infections among surgical patients by site of infection for different types of operations, and to show how the risk of certain adverse outcomes associated with nosocomial infection varied by site, type of operation, and exposure to specific medical devices. DESIGN: Surveillance of surgical patients during January 1986-June 1992 using standard definitions and protocols for both comprehensive (all sites, all operations) and targeted (all sites, selected operations) infection detection. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Acute care US hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System: 42,509 patients with 52,388 infections from 95 hospitals using comprehensive surveillance protocols and an additional 5,659 patients with 6,963 infections from 11 more hospitals using a targeted protocol. RESULTS: Surgical site infection was the most common nosocomial infection site (37%) when data were reported by hospitals using the comprehensive protocols. When infections reported from both types of protocols were stratified by type of operation, other sites were most frequent following certain operations (e.g., urinary tract infection after joint prosthesis surgery [52%]). Among the infected surgical patients who died, the probability that an infection was related to the patient's death varied significantly with the site of infection, from 22% for urinary tract infection to 89% for organ/space surgical site infection, but was independent of the type of operation performed. The probability of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the primary site of infection, from 3.1% for incisional surgical site infection to 9.5% for organ/space surgical site infection (p < .001). For all infections except pneumonia, the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the type of operation performed (p < .001) and was generally highest for cardiac surgery and lowest for abdominal hysterectomy. Surgical patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia were more than twice as likely to develop a secondary bloodstream infection as nonventilated pneumonia patients (8.1% versus 3.3%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: For surgical patients with nosocomial infection, the distribution of nosocomial infections by site varies by type of operation, the frequency with which nosocomial infections contribute to patient mortality varies by site of infection but not by type of operation, and the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection varies by type of primary infection and, except for pneumonia, by type of operation.     

Different effects of FK317 on multidrug-resistant tumor in vivo and in vitro

FK317, a novel substituted dihydrobenzoxazine, was examined for antitumor effects on multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In nude mice, FK317 markedly inhibited the growth of s.c. implanted KB-V1 vinblastine (VLB)-resistant human epidermal carcinoma KB cells, as well as the parent cells (KB-3-1). However, KB-V1 showed much greater resistance to FK317 than to VLB and adriamycin (ADM) in the in vitro study. This resistance was reversed by the addition of verapamil, whereby intracellular accumulation of FK317 in the KB-V1 cells was also decreased. After incubation of FK317 in human and mouse blood, it was shown to be rapidly metabolized to a monodeacetylated form, and slowly metabolized further to a dideacetylated form. With the removal of the acetyl groups from FK317, resistance indexes in KB-V1 and SBC-3/ADM, ADM-resistant human lung carcinoma, decreased. In addition, photolabeling of P-glycoprotein with [3H]azidopine in KB-V1 plasma membrane was completely inhibited by FK317, but not by the deacetylated metabolites. These results indicate that FK317 is metabolized to deacetylated forms, which do not bind to P-glycoprotein and are incorporated into MDR cells, causing cytotoxic effects.     

Comparison of three fracture sampling methods for layered rocks

Three methods of fracture data collection are tested against each other in layered dolomitic rocks to evaluate the effectiveness of each method in sampling fracture properties. The methods tested are the single scanline method (SSM), selection method (SM), and multiple scanline method (MSM). Finite element techniques were first used to build a base model with the exact locations, sizes and orientations of each fracture observed in the natural fracture network. Then, a second set of models were stochastically generated using statistics from each sampling technique. For each network, the overall fracture intensity was used to assess the effectiveness of each sampling technique in capturing the real fracture properties. Fracture network permeability was also calculated for each of two directions to evaluate the transmissive properties of the networks. Although all three methods produced good matches of relative intensity and permeability between natural and synthetic fractures, the results reveal that a well-placed scanline performed the best at recreating natural fractures. However, the results from one variation of the SSM were only slightly better than the results from both versions of the SM. In general, the SSM provides the best results but possibly at heavy costs in time and labor, whereas the SM gives comparable results with less expenditure of energy and time. Thus, the SM is an adequate technique and recommended for use at large outcrops or where time, access or budget constraints are a concern.     

Impact of industrial treatments on ochratoxin A content in artificially contaminated cocoa beans

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by mould species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, which grow on a variety of agricultural products. OTA-contaminated foodstuffs pose a major health hazard to consumers, including human and animal. In Côte d’Ivoire, numerous studies are being carried out to find the best way of preventing OTA contamination of cocoa raw material. The objectives of this investigation were to assess the impact of industrial treatment on OTA content in cocoa-derived products. Samples of cocoa pods were prepared under specific conditions promoting fungal proliferation on cocoa beans before processing. The beans underwent the usual industrial treatments – roasting, shelling, crushing, pressing and additive addition – and samples were taken at each stage. OTA was extracted with a methanol/3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and purified using an immunoaffinity column prior to HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection. OTA was detected in artificially contaminated cocoa beans at levels ranging from 3.4 to 44.7 µg kg^?1 with a mean value of 22.9 ± 3.6 µg kg^?1. OTA was mainly concentrated in the shell (93%). Roasting, shelling and additive addition significantly decreased levels of OTA by 24–40, 76 and 52%, respectively, with an overall reduction of ～91%. These results indicate that industrial processing of cocoa has a real impact on the reduction of OTA in final cocoa products.