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111.
Behnam Mohammadi Robert Raudner Mohsin Shafiq Edgar Ahn Hermann C. Altmeppen Markus Glatzel 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2020,122(9)
Prion‐reduction in standard biodiesel processes is caused by acidic and alkaline conditions. In the alternative RepCat biodiesel process, efficient prion‐reduction can be achieved by high‐temperature/pressure. However, a possible increase in thermostability of prions in the presence of methanol during these conditions has not previously been investigated, and is verified in this work. Samples are spiked with prions, treated with methanol, and incubated at 220 °C at 80 bar for 30 min. No traces of protease‐resistant prion protein (as proxy for prions) are detected in tallow or glycerine (as the final by‐product) after treatment. Serial dilutions of spiked prions show at least 6 log10 prion reduction. More importantly, similar effects are detected using milder conditions of 200 °C at 70 bar for 15 min, representing the worst‐case conditions of the process. In conclusion, this study shows that methanol does not increase the thermostability of prions and the RepCat process can efficiently eliminate prions and is therefore safe for the usage of category 1 tallow. Practical Applications: The study further supports the applicability of RepCat process in reducing prion‐contamination in the presence of methanol. Furthermore, the conditions leads to a considerable reduction of prions in glycerine obtained as by‐product. 相似文献
112.
Heru Prastawa Udisubakti Ciptomulyono Moses Laksono-Singgih Markus Hartono 《Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science》2019,20(4):507-531
Studies on customer’s needs, desires and preferences have become highly important in the product design and development process. One consideration in usability is the cognitive aspect, which is related to the accommodation and evaluation of human cognitive capabilities, limitations and tendencies. In addition to the cognitive aspect, a recent study has shown that the affective aspect has been considered in the evaluation of product usability. Thus, both cognitive and affective aspects are deemed to be important for product design and the development process. Inherently, both aspects deliver complete human and product interaction and experience. However, studies that consider the affective process as a complement to the cognitive process for usability are relatively rare. To address this gap, this study discusses how an integrative framework of the cognitive and affective aspects can be applied to a product for usability assessment via empirical studies on e-commerce and e-learning platforms. The sample involved 230 respondents, using purposive sampling. The result shows that both cognitive and affective aspects have a significant effect, although with different weights. The affective aspect has been shown to improve product usability and user’s acceptance. 相似文献
113.
Adi Md Sikin Markus Walkling-Ribeiro Syed S. H. Rizvi 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2017,10(12):2132-2145
Individual and combined effects of high pressure nitrous oxide (HPN2O), heat, and antimicrobials on the inactivation of Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Bacillus atrophaeus endospores in milk were all evaluated after 20-min treatments. Stand-alone milk treatments with HPN2O (15.2 MPa), heat (45 and 65 °C), or nisin (50 and 150 IU mL?1) resulted in log10 reductions ranging only from 0.1 to 2.1 for E. coli and L. innocua. Combining HPN2O (15.2 MPa) with heat (65 °C) inactivated 6.0 and 5.1 log10 in the vegetative bacteria, respectively. Similarly, reductions of 5.9 and ≥ 6.0 log10 of respective E. coli and L. innocua cells in milk were achieved through a combination of HPN2O (15.2 MPa), heat (65 °C), and nisin (150 IU mL?1). A 2.5 log10 cycle inactivation of spores was obtained by HPN2O, nisin (at both 50 and 150 IU mL?1), and lysozyme (50 μg mL?1) at 85 °C. Combining these processing techniques resulted in significantly greater microbial inactivation (p < 0.05) than the sum of individual reductions from each treatment alone, indicating synergistic effects. HPN2O irrespective of processing temperatures did not cause any occurrence of sub-lethally injured cells or disruption in colloidal stability of milk at 65 and 85 °C (p ≥ 0.05). Color and pH changes in milk following the most demanding treatment conditions were minimal. 相似文献
114.
Ekaterina Podlesnaia Princess Gerald Inangha James Vesenka Martin Seyring Hans-Jürgen Hempel Markus Rettenmayr Andrea Csáki Wolfgang Fritzsche 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(22):2204810
Nanoparticle synthesis has drawn great attention in the last decades. The study of crystal growth mechanisms and optimization of the existing methods lead to the increasing accessibility of nanomaterials, such as gold nanotriangles which have great potential in the fields of plasmonics and catalysis. To form such structures, a careful balance of reaction parameters has to be maintained. Herein, a novel synthesis of gold nanotriangles from seeds derived with a micromixer, which provides a highly efficient mixing and simple parameter control is reported. The impact of the implemented reactor on the primary seed characteristics is investigated. The following growth steps are studied to reveal the phenomena affecting the shape yield. The use of microfluidic seeds led to the formation of well-defined triangles with a narrower size distribution compared to the entirely conventional batch synthesis. A shortened two-step procedure for the formation of triangles directly from primary seeds, granting an express but robust synthesis is further described. Moreover, the need for a thorough study of seed crystallinity depending on the synthesis conditions, which – together with additional parameter optimization – will bring a new perspective to the use of micromixers which are promising for scaling up nanomaterial production is highlighted. 相似文献
115.
According to classical theories, automatic processes are autonomous and independent of higher level cognitive influence. In contrast, the authors propose that automatic processing depends on attentional sensitization of task-congruent processing pathways. In 3 experiments, the authors tested this hypothesis with a modified masked semantic priming paradigm during a lexical decision task by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs): Before masked prime presentation, participants attended an induction task either to semantic or perceptual stimulus features designed to activate a semantic or perceptual task set, respectively. Semantic priming effects on the N400 ERP component, an electrophysiological index of semantic processing, were obtained when a semantic task set was induced immediately before subliminal prime presentation, whereas a previously induced perceptual task set attenuated N400 priming. Across experiments, comparable results were obtained regardless of the difficulty level and the verbal or nonverbal nature of the induction tasks. In line with the proposed attentional sensitization model, unconscious semantic processing is enhanced by a semantic and attenuated by a perceptual task set. Hence, automatic processing of unconscious stimuli is susceptible to top-down control for optimizing goal-related information processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
116.
Thomas Kubin Praveen Gajawada Peter Bramlage Stefan Hein Benedikt Berge Ayse Cetinkaya Heiko Burger Markus Schnburg Wolfgang Schaper Yeong-Hoon Choi Manfred Richter 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the interleukin-6 family, functions as a major mediator of cardiomyocyte remodeling under pathological conditions. Its involvement in a variety of human cardiac diseases such as aortic stenosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiac sarcoidosis, and various cardiomyopathies make the OSM receptor (OSMR) signaling cascades a promising therapeutic target. However, the development of pharmacological treatment strategies is highly challenging for many reasons. In mouse models of heart disease, OSM elicits opposing effects via activation of the type II receptor complex (OSMR/gp130). Short-term activation of OSMR/gp130 protects the heart after acute injury, whereas chronic activation promotes the development of heart failure. Furthermore, OSM has the ability to integrate signals from unrelated receptors that enhance fetal remodeling (dedifferentiation) of adult cardiomyocytes. Because OSM strongly stimulates the production and secretion of extracellular proteins, it is likely to exert systemic effects, which in turn, could influence cardiac remodeling. Compared with the mouse, the complexity of OSM signaling is even greater in humans because this cytokine also activates the type I leukemia inhibitory factor receptor complex (LIFR/gp130). In this article, we provide an overview of OSM-induced cardiomyocyte remodeling and discuss the consequences of OSMR/gp130 and LIFR/gp130 activation under acute and chronic conditions. 相似文献
117.
Dr. Tjibbe Bosma Dr. Rick Rink Dr. Markus A. Moosmeier Prof. Dr. Gert N. Moll 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2019,20(14):1754-1758
Many therapeutic peptides can still be improved with respect to target specificity, target affinity, resistance to peptidases/proteases, physical stability, and capacity to pass through membranes required for oral delivery. Several modifications can improve the peptides’ properties, in particular those that impose (a) conformational constraint(s). Screening of constrained peptides and the identification of hits is greatly facilitated by the generation of genetically encoded libraries. Recent breakthrough bacterial, phage, and yeast display screening systems of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally constrained peptides, particularly those of lanthipeptides, are earning special attention. Here we provide an overview of display systems for constrained, genetically encoded peptides and indicate prospects of constrained peptide-displaying phage and bacterial systems as such in vivo. 相似文献
118.
Florian Röper Markus Wolfahrt Sandra Schlögl Georg Kucher Gerald Pinter 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2019,136(19):47506
Repair of composite structures and the impact of demanding environmental conditions is a crucial issue for the aircraft industry because of the increasing use of composites in modern aircraft. Consequently, the impact of environmental conditions common for aircraft applications on repair specimens in comparison to nonrepaired specimens is studied. All specimens are produced from a woven carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy-based prepreg. For the repair-specimens, an epoxy-based film adhesive is used for the soft patch repair approach. During the repair process, the surface of the precured prepreg is prepared by a mechanical method (sanding) and an additional chemical functionalization, respectively. Moisture absorption of the repair specimens is independent of the surface preparation method and higher for the repaired than for the nonrepaired specimens. The key influencing environmental conditions for the tensile strength and the failure mode of the repair specimens are elevated temperature testing as well as hot/wet conditioning and conditioning in deionized water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47506. 相似文献
119.
Physico- and bio-chemical processes on the femto- to picosecond time scale are ideally suited to be investigated with all-atom simulations. They include, amongst others, vibrational relaxation, ligand migration in sterically demanding environments (proteins, ices), or vibrational spectra. By comparing with experimental data, the results can be used to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the observations. Furthermore, most of these processes are sensitive to the intermolecular interactions. Therefore, detailed refinement of such interaction potentials is possible. 相似文献
120.
Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid, produced by bacteria by means of oxidation and biohydrogenation of the chlorophyll side chain phytol (3,7R,11R,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol). The later reaction generates to a new stereogenic center on C-3 which can be both 3R- or 3S-configured. Thus, two diastereomers (3S,7R,11R,15- and 3R,7R,11R,15-phytanic acid) are naturally produced. In this study we examined the diastereomer composition of phytanic acid in terrestrial and marine food samples. Phytanic acid was transferred into its methyl ester which was analyzed by GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The first eluted diastereomer in the samples was tentatively identified as 3S,7R,11R,15-phytanic acid. The marine samples were clearly dominated by 3S,7R,11R,15-phytanic acid whose abundance was higher in marine mammals than in fish. Milk from one organic cow collected over a period of 30 days showed lower proportions of 3S,7R,11R,15-phytanic acid than milk from one cow raised with conventional feed. The difference between organic and conventional dairy products (cheese and butter) was not as pronounced as in milk. Milk samples from other mammals (goat, sheep, mare, camel, moose, and human) also showed an excess of 3S,7R,11R,15-phytanic acid except for camel and moose milk. 相似文献