加压还原气氛下脱硫基础研究

文章在参考国内外现有研究成果的基础上对加压还原脱硫过程进行了基础研究。研究工作在一台自制的加压热重分析仪上进行，研究内容包括压力、温度、H2S浓度等因素对反应速度的影响，获得了加压还原气氛下南京石灰石脱硫反应的动力学参数及相应的动力学方程。     

Faking good and bad adjustment on the MMPI and overcontrolled-hostility in maximum security psychiatric patients.

25 male patients (mean age 29 yrs) in a maximum security psychiatric hospital were administered the MMPI under each of 3 sets of instructions—honest, fake-good adjustment, and fake-bad adjustment. As in an earlier study with inmates by P. Gendreau et al (see record 1973-30226-001), it was found that Ss were able to fake both good and bad adjustment, but that various faking indices were reasonably accurate in detecting both. Overcontrolled-hostility (OCH) scale scores were related to scores on the faking indices, suggesting that high OCH scores may indicate a desire to appear normal on psychological testing. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement.

98 children in 2 age-groups between 2 yrs 6 mo and 5 yrs were pretrained and then performed a 2-choice discrimination problem in which a puppet model and the S responded alternately. Ss were exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. There was more imitation on vicarious reward than on vicarious punishment trials. Ss who demonstrated no initial responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement were then assigned to either a natural or reversed S-consequence condition and to 1 of 3 model consequence conditions (reward, punishment, or mixed). The finding of significantly fewer errors in the natural than in the reversed condition supports the mediational interpretation of vicarious reinforcement, not the J. L. Gewirtz (1971) operant interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Importance of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

The role of chlorine speciation on de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) has been studied thoroughly in an entrained flow reactor during simulated waste combustion. The effects of gas-phase chlorine species such as chlorine (Cl2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and chlorine radicals (Cl*), as well as ash-bound chlorine, on PCDD/F de novo formation were isolated for investigation. The ash-bound chlorine alone was observed to be a sufficient chlorine source for PCDD/F formation. The addition of HCl to the system did not influence the yields of the PCDDs/Fs nor the degree of chlorination due to its poor chlorinating ability. Addition of 200 ppm of Cl2 to the ash-feed system resulted in increased PCDD/F yields, especially for the octa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners. Altering the reaction temperature to enable the presence of only Cl2 to the system did not change the yields of PCDD/F compared to those when both Cl2/Cl* were present. However, comparison between ash-bound and gas-phase chlorine, the latter at a concentration typical of a realistic combustion process, revealed ash-bound chlorine to be the more important chlorine source for de novo formation of PCDD/F in a full-scale incinerator.     

Violent offender research and implications for the criminal justice system.

Some offenders are at very high risk to reoffend. Research conducted at the author's institution and elsewhere shows that psychopathic offenders are especially likely to be violent, that future violence can be predicted with considerable accuracy among men who have committed at least 1 violent offense, and that treatment programs to reduce dangerousness do not always have the intended effects (i.e., they may actually increase the dangerousness of some individuals). Implications for the criminal justice system pertain to release following insanity acquittal offender sentencing and parole, preventive detention, offender treatment, and program evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mud,Dust, and Marougé: Precarious Construction in a Congolese Refugee Camp

This photo essay combines text and images to convey how the Congolese who reside in Nyarugusu, a United Nations refugee camp in Tanzania, interact with and interpret camp architecture. To establish the camps as temporary spaces, the Tanzanian government requires that refugees construct their houses with sundried mud brick and thatched roofs so that they can eventually be destroyed without a trace. The red dirt of their homes and the camp environment colours almost every facet of Nyarugusu residents' lives, adding a sense of dirtiness to the camp. The violence built into the camp architecture is not only contained in its eventual destruction, but also in the ways in which it visibly marks the residents' alienation and subordination in Tanzania.     

Relationship of hardiness and religiousness to depression and anger.

Both hardiness and religiousness share spirituality, in the sense of searching for meaning in one's life, and have been shown to have a buffering effect on stresses that maintains and enhances performance, morale, and health. This study investigates how hardiness and religiousness compare in their relationship to depression, anger, and the coping and social support mechanisms whereby they may have these relationships. Participants were military and governmental personnel who completed accepted measures of hardiness, religiousness, and other variables on a volunteer basis. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that, by comparison with religiousness, hardiness has the larger and more comprehensive negative relationship with depression and anger, and positive relationship with coping and social support. The conceptual and empirical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the validity of social skills assessments: An analysis of role-play and ward staff ratings of social behavior in a maximum security setting.

Assessed the social skill of 64 male patients in a maximum security psychiatric hospital. Assertion and conversational role-plays were videotaped and rated on a variety of social skill dimensions. Ward staff rated the S's social behavior on a socialization scale and on the Social Contact and Communication subscales of the MACC Behavioral Adjustment Scale. Social skill and a number of relatively complex social skill dimensions in both assertion and conversation role-plays correlated significantly with the in vivo measures. Results support the external validity of role-played interactions in the assessment of social skill as well as the suggestion that social skills training should emphasize the more complex interpersonal behaviors. (French abstract) (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behaviour alteration and the criminal law.

Working Paper 43 of the Law Reform Commission of Canada addresses a number of issues that are of concern to psychologists. The paper describes in lay terms a variety of psychological and medical treatments and discusses the ethical and legal issues involved in each. It begins by setting out to answer the following questions: (1) Do present laws provide sufficient protection against involuntary or nonconsensual administration of behaviour alteration treatments? (2) Should criminal law protect psychological integrity in the same way it already protects physical integrity? (3) Should the law make legitimate the use of these techniques as punishment or as a method of social control? Without entirely answering these questions, it ends by making a series of recommendations. The most important of these recommendations are: (a) that the criminal law affirm the right of psychiatric patients not to be treated against their will except under certain specified circumstances, (b) that uniformity of practice over the provinces be established, and (c) that a code of ethics on the medical and psychological treatment of prisoners be established as an administrative directive covering consent to treatment and related issues. Although it is unlikely that many psychologists would disagree with the advocation of procedural uniformity, the undesirability of coercive treatment, or the importance of obtaining informed consent, psychologists are very unlikely to be happy with this paper. The authors of this paper do not have the foggiest understanding of behaviourism, and what they do know appears to have been learned from A Clockwork Orange. There are important terminological problems, logical and philosophical difficulties, and an avoidance of some of the more important and intractable ethical dilemmas that confront treatment efforts within both health and correctional institutions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Teaching engineering for a changing landscape

Engineering educators face a rapidly changing, and ever more challenging world. Rapidly evolving industry demands, accreditation agencies, and students themselves are calling for an engineering education with integrated multidisciplinary design knowledge, leadership, communication, business, education, entrepreneurship, sustainability, and lifelong learning explicitly included in their undergraduate programs. Students still need the core content knowledge of thermodynamics, mass, energy, and momentum balances and fluxes. They also need integrated socio‐contextual knowledge to evaluate a design for sustainability and demonstrate a net positive social benefit. There is only so much time available in an undergraduate program and learning takes time. These challenges are driving changes to both what and how we teach our students to integrate broader competencies and enhance engineering student graduate attribute achievement. A framework for engineering education includes fundamental and socio‐contextual knowledge integrated with metacognitive and professional skill development. This contribution provides practical ideas for how to infuse these dimensions into courses, support the developing engineering practice, and deepen student engagement with their courses.