Acylation of Pyrroles and their Free (N‐H)‐Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbopalladation of Nitriles

An efficient regioselective synthesis of 2‐acylpyrroles via palladium‐catalyzed addition of pyrroles with benzonitriles and subsequent hydrolysis is developed. The direct acylation reaction of protected as well as (NH)‐free pyrroles proceeded smoothly to afford 2‐acylpyrrole scaffolds of high biological interest.

     

Effect of Phosphorous Inoculation on Creep Behavior of a Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy

Creep behavior of Al-Si hypereutectic alloys inoculated with phosphorus was investigated using the impression creep testing. The results showed that at stress regimes of up to 400-450 MPa and temperatures up to 300 °C, no significant creep deformation occurred in both uninoculated and inoculated specimens; however, at temperatures above 300 °C, the inoculated alloys presented better creep properties. Creep data were used to calculate the stress exponent of steady-state creep rate, n, and creep activation energy, Q, for different additive conditions where n was found varied between 5 and 8. Owing to the fact that most alloys have lower values for n (4, 5), threshold stress was estimated for studied conditions. The creep governing mechanisms for different conditions are discussed here, with a particular attention to the effect of phosphorous addition on the microstructural features, including number of primary silicon particles, mean primary silicon spacing, and morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon.     

Synthesis,structure, and mechanical properties of castor oil‐based polyamidoamines toughened epoxy coatings

A series of toughened epoxy systems was prepared via crosslinking of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with castor oil‐based polyamidoamines as curing agents. To this aim two series of polyamidoamines were synthesized in two steps from the reaction of castor oil with triethylenetetramine and then reaction of these products with dissolved salicylic acid in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The structure of the compounds was confirmed by FTIR spectra, GC‐Mass and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, adhesion and water resistance of polyamine and polyamidoamines cured epoxy systems were studied. It was found that significant improvement in toughness and adhesion of the epoxy films was achieved by using polyamidoamines as curing agents. The results showed a great enhancement in toughness and adhesion properties of the epoxy coats proportional to increasing castor oil weight ratio, and/ or using salicylic acid and DMF. Furthermore, polyamidoamines cured samples showed higher water resistance and less degradation in hot water immersion tests than polyamine cured samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Retraining Deep Neural Network with Unlabeled Data Collected in Embedded Devices

Because of computational complexity, the deep neural network (DNN) in embedded devices is usually trained on high-performance computers or graphic processing units (GPUs), and only the inference phase is implemented in embedded devices. Data processed by embedded devices, such as smartphones and wearables, are usually personalized, so the DNN model trained on public data sets may have poor accuracy when inferring the personalized data. As a result, retraining DNN with personalized data collected locally in embedded devices is necessary. Nevertheless, retraining needs labeled data sets, while the data collected locally are unlabeled, then how to retrain DNN with unlabeled data is a problem to be solved. This paper proves the necessity of retraining DNN model with personalized data collected in embedded devices after trained with public data sets. It also proposes a label generation method by which a fake label is generated for each unlabeled training case according to users’ feedback, thus retraining can be performed with unlabeled data collected in embedded devices. The experimental results show that our fake label generation method has both good training effects and wide applicability. The advanced neural networks can be trained with unlabeled data from embedded devices and the individualized accuracy of the DNN model can be gradually improved along with personal using.     

Synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 and its enhanced catalytic performance in methanol to propylene conversion process

ABSTRACT

Hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieve was synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of different concentrations of n-propylamine (NPA) as the mesoporous generating agent. It has been found that the mesoporous structure and morphology of the hierarchical SAPO-34 was depended to the amount of NPA used. The catalytic activity of the synthesized materials for methanol to propylene conversion were evaluated. A high selectivity for propylene (44.5%) compared to a conventional microporous SAPO-34 (28.7%) was observed with propylene to ethylene (P/E) ratio (3.6) which was attributed to the less total acidic sites measured by NH3-TPD and the optimal combination of mesoporous and microporous reaction paths. The synthesized hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, BET, NH₃-TPD and TGA techniques.     

Optimisation of a pilot‐scale spray drying process for probiotic yoghurt,using response surface methodology

The influence of drying air temperatures, drying air flow rate and feed flow rate on percentage survival rate (% SR) of starter and probiotic bacteria, moisture content, water activity and colour of probiotic yoghurt powder produced using a pilot‐scale spray dryer was investigated. Optimisation of spray drying conditions was achieved based on the desirability value. Results showed that inlet air temperature, drying air flow rate, feed flow rate and outlet air temperature of 150 °C, 478 m³/h, 2 L/h and 63.3 °C, respectively, were optimal conditions to produce powder that meets quality specifications and with a satisfactory% SR.     

A New Searchable Encryption Scheme with Integrity Preservation Property

Wireless Personal Communications - Searchable encryption schemes allow documents’ owners to store their encrypted documents on servers, search for the desired keyword and then download only...     

Kinetic Study of Sodium Cocoyl Sarcosinate Synthesis and Factors Affecting the Reaction on Bench and Pilot Scales

Sodium cocoyl sarcosinate is an important surfactant with a particular chemical structure and many practical applications in various industries. The synthesis of sodium cocoyl sarcosinate involves the reaction of cocoyl chloride and N-methyl glycine. The influences of reactant molar ratios, temperature, reaction time, pH, and solvent on the reaction yield were investigated and also the kinetics of the reaction was studied. It was found that the reaction follows second order kinetics and the reaction rate constant is 0.0153?mol^?1?L?s^?1 at 35?°C. Also production of sodium cocoyl sarcosinate was carried out at bench and pilot scales which is described in details.     

An erbium–organic framework as an adsorbent for the fast and selective adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions

The applicability of erbium–metal–organic framework (Er-MOF) in the adsorption and removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution has been studied. Er-MOF was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The high thermal stability, water stability and accessible nano-sized aperture for the Er-MOF could endow it with a very high potential in adsorption of dye pollutant. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigations confirm that the adsorption behavior is based on Langmuir isotherm with an exothermic mechanism and enthalpy-driven process. The speed adsorption process (30 min), low cost, high efficiency, big surface area, selectivity and very high and rapid reusability are the main advantages of the proposed compound as a sorbent.     

Hermite approximation of a hyperbolic Fokker–Planck optimality system to control a piecewise-deterministic process

The Hermite spectral approximation of a hyperbolic Fokker–Planck (FP) optimality system arising in the control of an unbounded piecewise-deterministic process (PDP) is discussed. To control the probability density function (PDF) corresponding to the PDP process, an optimal control based on an FP strategy is considered. The resulting optimality system consists of a hyperbolic system with opposite-time orientation and an integral optimality condition equation. A Hermite spectral discretisation is investigated to approximate solutions to the optimality system in unbounded domains. It is proven that the proposed scheme satisfies the conservativity requirement of the PDFs. The spectral convergence rate of the discretisation scheme is proved and validated by numerical experiments.