Combined infrared emission spectra and radar reflectivity studiesof cirrus clouds

Thermal-infrared emission spectra from cirrus clouds taken with a unique prism spectrograph are combined with K_a-band radar reflectivity measurements to obtain mass concentration and size information on the cirrus ice crystals. A two-stream radiation transfer model utilizing Mie scattering theory was used to infer the averaged effective ice sphere diameter which, for the cirrus studied, was near 50 μm     

Synchronization of spin-transfer nano-oscillator by an external source

The dynamics of a spin-transfer nano-oscillator (STN) of the point-contact type under the action of a spin wave excited in the ferromagnetic layer by an external source is considered. It is shown that the STN can be synchronized by this external source, and the regions of synchronism capturing and holding in the space of parameters are established. Dependences of the spin-wave amplitude on parameters of the external signal are presented.     

Study of the Effect of Microalloying on Microstructure and Mechanical Property Formation for Rolled Product of Strength Class K52 Produced Under CRU Conditions

Metallurgist - Results are provided for a study of the effect of different microalloying systems (Nb, Nb–V, V–N) on structure formation and mechanical properties of rolled product of...     

Use of Accelerated Cooling to Improve the Mechanical and Processing Properties of Rolled Plates Used to Make Large-Diameter Gas-Line Pipe

A process called controlled thermomechanical rolling has been developed to make low-alloy steels used in the production of large-diameter pipes. The process, carried out on plate mills, combines thermomechanical (controlled) rolling with accelerated cooling done after the rolling operation. The results of commercial trials of the technology lead to the following conclusions: 1. Compared to conventional controlled rolling (CR), use of the additional operation of accelerated cooling (AC) makes it possible to significantly increase strength properties without lowering impact toughness or cold resistance. Accelerated cooling also makes it possible to broadly vary the properties of rolled products of a given chemical composition and thickness. 2. The accelerated cooling of plates makes it possible to replace the ferritic-pearlitic structure usually formed in steel after conventional controlled rolling with a fine-grained ferrite-bainite stucture having a diminished level of striation. 3. Compared to traditional controlled rolling, CR + AC makes it possible to attain a prescribed level of strength with lower quantities of carbon and alloying elements. That in turn improves the weldability of the steel. 4. The use of accelerated cooling reduces the load on the mill because a higher finishing temperature is used than in traditional CR. Thus, it also becomes possible to increase rolling speeds through a reduction in the number of pauses made to cool the slabs on the mill. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 6, pp. 49–54, June, 2005.