“设备软件优化”：术语垃圾又添新丁？

我刚从加州San Jose嵌入系统研讨会(ESC)回来。这个展会过去主要是面向从事板级产品和实时操作系统工程师的教育性讨论会。现在,它已成为相当一部分EDN读者的重要展会。与会的有很多领先的IC供应商,这些热门的嵌入系统应用是消费产品,如手机和机顶盒。在这个重要研讨会上总能找到引人关注的广告性技术。在本届ESC上,DSO(设备软件优化)获取了广告性技术的王冠。可我却不明白其中的道理。     

Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Silicon Oxide Prepared by Nanoimprint Lithography and Their Applications in Nanofabrication

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is used as a tool to pattern self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon substrates because of its ability to pattern in the micrometer and nanometer ranges. The polymer template behaves as a physical barrier preventing the formation of a SAM in the covered areas of the substrate. After polymer removal, SAM patterns are obtained. The versatility of the method is shown in various nanofabrication schemes. Substrates are functionalized with a second type of silane adsorbate. Pattern enhancement via selective electrostatic attachment of carboxylate‐functionalized particles is achieved. Further applications of the NIL‐patterned substrates include template‐directed adsorption of particles, as well as the fabrication of electrodes on top of a SAM.     

Tracing the geographic origin of poultry meat and dried beef with oxygen and strontium isotope ratios

Two promising isotope ratios, the δ¹⁸O of the water fraction, as extracted by azeotropic distillation, and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of the ash fraction were tested for their applicability to determine the geographic origin. In two sampling phases, in total 78 fresh poultry breast meat and 72 dried beef samples, independent from each other and originating from different countries, were analysed. The δ¹⁸O was measured with isotope ratio mass spectrometry and the isotope abundance ratio of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr with a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. With δ¹⁸O it was possible to distinguish (p < 0.001) poultry and dried beef samples according to their country of origin. The beef data suggests that the procedure of processing is of only low additional influence on δ¹⁸O and, if so, it seems to reduce the initial between-country differences. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio did not give sufficient indications for differentiation by geographic origin in either poultry meat or dried beef in the smaller, first phase, data set and was therefore not further tested.     

Excretion of neuraminic acid-containing trisaccharides in the urine during pregnancy

The excretion of neuraminic acid-containing trisaccharides in the urine during the course of normal pregnancy was studied. Neuraminyl-lactose and neuraminyl-galactosyl-(l led to 4)-N-acetylglucosamine were identified, and their excretion patterns were analyzed by thin-layer and gas chromatography. A progressive increase in the outputs of these acidic oligosaccharides was observed during the course of pregnancy in all cases studied. Neuraminyl-lactose excretion increased threefold, from 13.7 +/- 1.75 to 37.1 +/- 2.56 mg/24 h, and neuraminyl-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosamine twofold, from 8.4 +/- 1.27 to 15.3 +/- 2.21 mg/24 h (Mean +/- S.E.).     

High track density for magnetic disk drives with an "Embedded servo" positioning system

The CII-HB "Embedded servo" original technique for disk drive units (such as the D 160) allows operation at high track densities ( 800 TPI) and fast access time. The overall information needed for head displacement and positioning is provided by the data head itself, without any other transducer. Servo transitions, written between the data sectors, are arranged to provide gain information, track logical address, and fine position. This information is used by a microcomputer program to move the head rapidly to the desired track and to lock it in position within an instantaneous error of less than 3 μm (120 μm inches). Practical results are presented and compared with a theoretical model. Limitations and improvements are discussed.     

Introspection and causal accounts.

R. E. Nisbett and T. D. Wilson (see record 1978-00295-001) have argued that people are often inaccurate in their causal reports about their behavior because they lack access to their cognitive process. This position has been criticized on several grounds by E. Smith and F. Miller (see record 1979-23548-001). The present paper attempts to clarify these issues by focusing on some confusions in the notion of a cognitive process that Smith and Miller and Nisbett and Wilson share. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The use of force feedback and auditory cues for performance of an assembly task in an immersive virtual environment

Using an immersive virtual environment, this study investigated whether the inclusion of force feedback or auditory cues improved manipulation performance and subjective reports of usability for an assembly task. Twenty-four volunteers (12 males and 12 females) were required to assemble and then disassemble five interconnecting virtual parts with either auditory, force, or no feedback cues provided. Performance for the assembly task was measured using completion time and number of collisions between parts, while the users preferences across conditions were evaluated using subjective reports of usability. The results indicated that the addition of force feedback slowed completion time and led to more collisions between parts for males. In contrast, females exhibited no change in the mean completion time for the assembly task but did show an increase in collision counts. Despite these negative performance findings when adding force feedback, users did report perceived increases in realism, helpfulness and utility towards the assembly task when force feedback was provided. Unlike force feedback, the results showed that auditory feedback, indicating that parts had collided during the assembly task, had no negative performance effects on the objective measures while still increasing perceived realism and overall user satisfaction. When auditory cues and force feedback were presented together, performance times, number of collisions, and usability were not improved compared to conditions containing just auditory cues or force feedback alone. Based on these results, and given the task and display devices used in the present study, the less costly option of excluding auditory and force feedback cues would produce the best performance when measured by the number of collisions and completion time. However, if increased ratings of usability for an assembly task are desired while maintaining objective performance levels and reduced cost, then the inclusion of auditory feedback cues is best.     

802．11nWi-Fi网络草案走向主流

吵吵闹闹的IEEE 802.11n无线LAN标准化过程还有几个月才能尘埃落定,而各关键方的混战却比主要标准化团体间的更加糟糕.两年多以前,Airgo Networks(现在是Qualcomm的一部分)开始交付标有pre-n的产品.现在,很多半导体公司都将"draft-n-complaint"产品推向市场.我一直不赞同标准团体中的混战和过早地推出产品.