The Analysis of the Polysilicon base Position of the Thermal Resistance and the Self Heating Effects of 0.13 µm SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

Russian Microelectronics - The purpose of this paper is the study and the analysis of the impact of Polysilicon base on the phenomenon of self-heating and electrical performance for HBT SiGe...     

Electromagnetic induction corrosion control technology (EICCT)

Over the past several years, a new corrosion control technology has been developed for protecting damaged, painted galvanized, and galvannealed surfaces in contact with ambient aqueous environments. This technology, which we call electromagnetically induced corrosion control technology (EICCT), is an electronic technology that is based upon coupling surface currents into the metal structure to be protected. Electromagnetic induction experiments have demonstrated that the induced current is spread across the surfaces of complex shapes, such as an automobile body, as required by Maxwell's equations, so that induction at a single point is effective in protecting a whole, complex‐shaped surface, that the power consumption is very low, and possibly that the induced signal may be tailored to optimize the efficacy. The observed efficacy is attributed to inhibition of zinc passivation as directly indicated by the coupling current. Efficacy is also indicated by inhibition of rusting at scribes in painted panels. It is important to emphasize that the technique is not a classical, impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system.     

Modeling a fluidized bed reactor by integrating various scales: Pore,particle, and reactor

This work proposes a novel population-balance based model for a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. This model considers two continuum phases: bubble and emulsion. The evolution of the bubble size distribution was modeled using a population balance, considering both axial and radial motion. This sub-model involves a new mathematical form for the aggregation frequency, which predicts the migration of bubbles from the reactor wall toward the reactor center. Additionally, reacting particles were considered as a Lagrangian phase, which exchanges mass with emulsion phases. For each particle, the variation of the pore size distribution was also considered. The model presented here accurately predicted the experimental data for biochar gasification in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Finally, the aggregation frequency is shown to serve as a scaling parameter.     

Sulfonated polybutadiene ionomer‐templated nanocopper composites

New composites based on nanosize particles provide a promising route to the fabrication of novel materials for advanced technology applications in the 21st century. To prepare desired materials, it is important to control the composition and distribution of nanoclusters within the bulk or surface coating of nanostructured materials. To achieve this aim, we developed a novel method of preparing nanocopper–ionomer thermoplastic composite material with sulfonated cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene random ionomer as a matrix and a capping polymer in organic solvent. The effect of sonication on stabilized nanocopper colloid was studied. The self‐assembled composite film was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ¹H‐NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3180–3184, 2002     

Effect of Drying Methods on the Quality Characteristics of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Greens

Different drying methods were investigated for efficient dehydration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) greens for optimal retention of color and its constituents. Accordingly, hot air (HA, 40°C, 58–63% RH), low humidity air (LHA, 40°C and 28–30% RH), and radiofrequency (RF, 40°C, 56–60% RH) were explored for efficient drying of fenugreek greens. The three single-layer drying models (Exponential, Page, and Modified Page) tested showed excellent fit (R² = 0.92–0.99) for all three drying methods. The time required for drying with LHA and RF was less (～27%), as compared to HA drying. LHA-dried fenugreek had superior green color and a more porous and uniform structure than those obtained from RF and HA drying. Aqueous methanolic (60:40) extract of fenugreek greens dehydrated by LHA exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Dehydrated fenugreek greens showed good consumer acceptance as well as shelf life.     

Effect of Metformin on T2D-Induced MAM Ca2+ Uncoupling and Contractile Dysfunction in an Early Mouse Model of Diabetic HFpEF

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading complication in type 2 diabetes patients. Recently, we have shown that the reticulum-mitochondria Ca²⁺ uncoupling is an early and reversible trigger of the cardiac dysfunction in a diet-induced mouse model of DCM. Metformin is a first-line antidiabetic drug with recognized cardioprotective effect in myocardial infarction. Whether metformin could prevent the progression of DCM remains not well understood. We therefore investigated the effect of a chronic 6-week metformin treatment on the reticulum-mitochondria Ca²⁺ coupling and the cardiac function in our high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) mouse model of DCM. Although metformin rescued the glycemic regulation in the HFHSD mice, it did not preserve the reticulum-mitochondria Ca²⁺ coupling either structurally or functionally. Metformin also did not prevent the progression towards cardiac dysfunction, i.e., cardiac hypertrophy and strain dysfunction. In summary, despite its cardioprotective role, metformin is not sufficient to delay the progression to early DCM.     

Proteolytic Cleavage of Bioactive Peptides and Protease-Activated Receptors in Acute and Post-Colitis

The protease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome has been studied extensively using synthetic fluorogenic substrates targeting specific sets of proteases. We explored activities in colonic tissue from a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model by investigating the cleavage of bioactive peptides. Pure trypsin- and elastase-like proteases on the one hand and colonic tissue from rats with TNBS-induced colitis in the acute or post-inflammatory phase on the other, were incubated with relevant peptides to identify their cleavage pattern by mass spectrometry. An increased cleavage of several peptides was observed in the colon from acute colitis rats. The tethered ligand (TL) sequences of peptides mimicking the N-terminus of protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 were significantly unmasked by acute colitis samples and these cleavages were positively correlated with thrombin activity. Increased cleavage of β-endorphin and disarming of the TL-sequence of the PAR3-based peptide were observed in acute colitis and linked to chymotrypsin-like activity. Increased processing of the enkephalins points to the involvement of proteases with specificities different from trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest thrombin, chymotrypsin-like proteases and a set of proteases with different specificities as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.     

Growth of a Highly Porous Coordination Polymer on a Macroporous Polymer Monolith Support for Enhanced Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatographic Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

A simple room temperature solution‐based method for the preparation of highly porous iron(III) benzenetricarboxylate coordination polymer films on the internal surface of a macroporous polystyrene‐divinylbenzene‐methacrylic acid polymer is reported. The resulting metal‐organic polymer hybrid (MOPH) maintains a high specific micropore surface area of 389 m² g^‐1 and thermal stability above 250 °C in air. The MOPH preparation is readily adapted to a capillary column, yielding a flow‐through separation device with excellent flow permeability and modest back‐pressure. The excellent separation capability of the MOPH column is demonstrated by enriching phosphopeptides from mixtures of digested proteins. This approach to MOPH synthesis is easily implemented and likely adaptable to a wide range of coordination polymers and metal‐organic frameworks.