Experiences with a Reverse Osmosis Pilot Plant for the Concentration of Potato Fruit Water in the Potato Starch Industry

The potato as an agricultural raw material contains 76% potato fruit water with a solid content of 5%. Protein separation, evaporation, agricultural application and aerobic/anaerobic wastewater treatment are able to use one part of these solids. Reverse osmosis for concentration of potato fruit water increases the percentage of reusable contents. A high tendency to biofouling on cellulose acetate membranes however requires microbiological and pH-control of the incoming, foamfree potato fruit water as well as daily cleaning and disinfection of the membranes. Because of the special fruit water composition the rejections of inorganics are higher than expected. Estimations of total costs show that the reverse osmosis in combination with the other steps of starch process increases the economy.     

BeSleep: Blockchain-enabled distributed sleeping strategies of small base stations in ultra dense networks

Small cell networks can fulfill the increasing demandfor the high data rate of wireless applications. Energy efficiency is an important design parameter of the ultra dense small cell network (UDSCN). The sleeping strategy of small base stations (s-BSs) is used to enhance the network's energy efficiency. An efficient sleeping strategy of s-BSs is required while preserving users' quality of service (QoS). The idle s-BSs can be switched to sleep mode. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled solution for the sleeping strategy of s-BSs. Here, a blockchain-enabled small cell network is created between the s-BSs. The network is decentralized, which eliminates the workload of the macro base station (MBS). The proposed network architecture is enabled as a decentralized network through blockchain. The blockchain provides distributed control over the s-BS operations through a smart contract. Here, smart contracts act as distributed self organizing network features to handle self-transactions among small cells for switching off s-BSs in the network. All the software logic required to perform s-BS operations is written in a smart contract using Ethereum. The proposed solution improves energy efficiency and enables the ultra dense small cell network to be decentralized.     

Addition von α-Ketoenaminen an 2-Acetyl-p-benzochinon

Addition of α-Ketoenamines to 2-Acetyl-p-benzoquinone Addition of 2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-one 2 to 2-acetyl-quinone 1 yields benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 4 which is unstable and rearranges to 5. 4 is converted to 3-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 3 thermically and to dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 7 acid catalyzed. The structure of 7 is secured by independent synthesis. Dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 14 is the product of reaction from 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 9 and 1 with benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 10 as intermediate. By proton catalysis 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-carbazol-1-on 13 and 4-oxo-cyclohexa[c]isochinolinium hydrochlorid 15 is obtained from 10 . 1 H-cyclopenta[d]furan-3-on 17 is formed by addition of 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclopent-1-en-on 16 to 1 . It is rearranged by proton catalysis to 3-oxo-1 H-cyclopenta[c]isochinolinium salt 18 . Reaction of cyclopentan-1,2-dione and 1 yields 3 aH-cyclopenta[c]isochromen-3,6,9-trion 20 , rearranging to 1 H-cyclopenta[b]benzo[d]furan-3-on 21 . The stereochemistry of adducts is discussed in connection with the course of the reaction, spectroscopical evidence, molecular modelling and calculation of HOMO/LUMO and AO-coefficients.