In this paper we propose a logic-based social approach to the specification and verification of agent interaction. We firstly introduce integrity constraints about social acts (called Social Integrity Constraints) as a formalism to express interaction protocols and to give a social semantics to the behavior of agents, focusing on communicative acts. Then, we discuss several possible kinds of verification of agent interaction, and we show how social integrity constraints can be used to verify some properties in this respect. We focus our attention on static verification of compliance of agent specifications to interaction protocols, and on run-time verification, based on agents' observable behavior. We adopt as a running example the NetBill security transaction protocol for the selling and delivery of information goods. 相似文献
Silicon - Corn plants are highly demanding of nitrogen and the application of silicon has been studied because it minimizes stress from different natures, and for the better utilization of some... 相似文献
The problem of Information Technology energy consumption has gained much attention due to the always increasing use of IT both for business and for personal reasons. In particular, data centers are now playing a much more important role in the modern society, where the information is available all the time and everywhere. In this context, the aim of this paper is to study energy efficiency issues within data centers from the Information System perspective. The proposed approach integrates the application and infrastructure capabilities, in which the enactment of adaptation mechanisms is aligned with the business process. Based on both energy and quality dimensions of service-based applications, a model-based approach supports the formulation of new constrained optimization problem that takes into consideration over-constrained solutions where the goal is to obtain the better trade-off between energy and quality requirements. These ideas are combined within a framework where time-based analysis allow the identification of potential system threats and drive the selection of adaptation actions improving overall energy and quality requirements, represented by indicators satisfaction. In addition, the framework includes an evolution mechanism that is able to evaluate past decisions feedback in order to adjust the model according to the current underlying environment. Finally, the benefits of the approach are analyzed in an experimental setting. 相似文献
Sugarcane’s (Saccharum spp.) response to Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: (Crambidae) herbivory was investigated using a macroarray spotted with 248 sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) encoding serine peptidase inhibitors, serine peptidases. and Clp protease system subunits. Our results showed that after nine hours of herbivory, 13 sugarcane genes were upregulated and nine were downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, nine were similar to serine peptidase inhibitors and four were similar to Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBIs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these sequences belong to a phylogenetic group of sugarcane BBIs that are potentially involved in plant defense against insect predation. The remaining four upregulated genes included serine peptidases and one homolog to the Arabidopsis AAA+ chaperone subunit ClpD, which is a member of the Clp protease system. Among the downregulated genes, five were homologous to serine peptidases and four were homologous to Arabidopsis Clp subunits (three homologous to Clp AAA+ chaperones and one to a ClpP-related ClpR subunit). Although the roles of serine peptidase inhibitors in plant defenses against herbivory have been extensively investigated, the roles of plant serine peptidases and the Clp protease system represent a new and underexplored field of study. The up- and downregulated D. saccharalis genes presented in this study may be candidate genes for the further investigation of the sugarcane response to herbivory. 相似文献
The effect of grain boundary (GB) morphology on the cavitation behavior in a Ni-based superalloy, RR1000, was studied during elevated temperature dwell-fatigue at 700 °C. Following a solution heat treatment, the material was control cooled at two different rates, resulting in high angle GB morphologies that were tailored as either serrated or planar. The resulting γ′ precipitate structures were characterized near GBs and within grains. Along serrated GBs coarsened and elongated γ′ precipitates formed and consequently created adjacent regions that were denuded of γ′ precipitates. Cyclic dwell-fatigue experiments were performed at low and high stress amplitudes to vary the amount of imparted strain on the specimens. A combination of electron backscatter diffraction and digital image correlation were used to resolve strain localization relative to the GBs, in which strain accumulation was found to precede cavity formation. Additionally, the regions denuded of the γ′ precipitates were observed to localize strain and to be initial sites of cavitation. These results present a quantitative strain analysis between two variants of an RR1000 alloy, which provides the micromechanical rationale to assess the increased proclivity for serrated GBs to form cavities.
Recently, we presented the tribological evaluation of self-lubricating sintered steels produced by taking advantage of the powder injection molding process, the recently introduced plasma-assisted debinding and sintering process, and the in situ formation of solid lubricant particles. This new processing route promotes the in situ generation of nanostructured turbostratic graphite particles during silicon carbide dissociation. In this work, we present the influence of surface finishing on the tribological behavior of self-lubricating composites sintered at 1150°C with (3 and 5 wt%) and without SiC additions. We discuss the effects of the surface topography (Ra) on the friction coefficient and wear rates of specimens and counterbodies. The tribological behavior was analyzed using linear reciprocating sliding tests (constant load of 7 N, 60-min duration). It was shown that the reduction in surface roughness increased both the friction coefficients and wear rates of specimens and counterbodies, probably due to plastic deformation and consequent graphite reservoir sealing. Chemical analyses of the wear scars using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed a tribolayer that was composed predominantly of carbon and oxygen. Analyses of the wear scars showed traces of plastic deformation on both samples and counterbodies and the predominance of abrasion as the main wear mechanism. 相似文献
In this work, batch-adsorption experiments and molecular simulations are employed to probe the adsorption of binary mixtures containing ethanol or a linear alkane-1,n-diol solvated in water or ethanol onto silicalite-1. Since the batch-adsorption experiments require an additional relationship to determine the amount of solute (and solvent) adsorbed, as only the bulk liquid reservoir can be probed directly, molecular simulations are used to provide a relationship between solute and solvent adsorption for input to the experimental bulk measurements. The combination of bulk experimental measurements and simulated solute–solvent relationship yields solvent and solute loadings that are self-consistent with simulation alone, and allow for an assessment of the various assumptions made in the literature. At low solution concentrations, the solute loading calculated is independent of the assumption made. At high concentrations, a negligent choice of assumption can lead to systematic overestimation or underestimation of calculated solute loading. 相似文献