Epilogue.

Discusses the state of industrial/organizational psychology, particularly focusing on the interface between pure and applied psychology. For example, the editors argue that the basic theoretical understanding of human motivation has been advanced more by industrial psychologists than by laboratory studies. They seek to assert the unity of the science and the profession and the desirability of including training for both pure and applied aspects in graduate programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The social psychology of aging in industry.

In 3 previous studies, H. Meltzer (see PA, Vols 33:4955, 38:4107, and 39:1533) investigated the relationship between work attitudes and mental health. Results show that as workers got older, attitudes toward place of employment increased favorably, satisfaction increased, and work took on more significance. In a 4th study, content analysis of life and work stories was used to investigate the relationship between positive mental health and age of workers. 143 workers were divided into 5 groups according to age: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+ yrs. Mental health indices were adapted and condensed from M. Jahoda's (1958) 6 categories of criteria for total positive mental health. Results suggest that the stereotype of decreasing cognitive capacity and ineffectual role execution was largely false. Older Ss seemed more satisfied and less prone to change jobs but when compared with 30–39 yr old Ss, they scored lower on signs of mental health. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnostic concordance for schizophrenia as a function of sex.

Examined both pairwise and cumulative concordance as a function of sex using 6 diagnostic systems (e.g., Research Diagnostic Criteria, and the New Haven Schizophrenia Index) on 387 inpatients with severe psychopathology. Pairwise concordance was significantly more often higher for men than for women; cumulative concordance distributions also differed significantly between the sexes, with men manifesting greater concordance. Differences in diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and their role in sex differences are discussed. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9 in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affecting chromosome 9p has been shown to occur frequently in head and neck cancer, glioma, mesothelioma, melanoma, lung cancer, and numerous other tumor types. Chromosome 9p is therefore presumed to contain a tumor suppressor gene or genes. Since esophageal cancer shares characteristics with some of the above tumor types, we performed a detailed examination of 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus for LOH at loci D9S162, IFNA, D9S171, D9S126, D9S104, D9S165, and D9S163. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions were performed with the inclusion of one radiolabeled nucleotide, and products were electrophoresed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Thirty-six of the 60 patients (60%) exhibited LOH at one or more loci on chromosome 9p. Eight of 17 patients (47%) with adenocarcinoma manifested LOH, while 28 of 43 (65%) with squamous cell carcinoma showed LOH. LOH was most frequent at loci D9S171 (19 of 23, or 83%) and D9S165 (24 of 32, or 75%). These data support the hypothesis that a tumor suppressor gene or genes located on this portion of chromosome 9p exert(s) an effect on esophageal cancer development.     

Separate amplified regions encompassing CDK4 and MDM2 in human sarcomas

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in chick bone marrow chromosomes, and the experiment was designed to study the dose, route, time and acute vs. sub-acute (fractionated) yield effects of the chemical. TCA induced chromosomal aberrations in a dose, route and time response manner. The results revealed the genotoxic property of TCA in the tested system.     

Macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis. III. Loss of susceptibility to macrophage-mediated killing during maturation of S. mansoni schistosomula from the skin to the lung stage

Newly transformed skin-stage and lung-stage schistosomula were compared in terms of their susceptibility to killing mediated by activated mouse macrophages in vitro. Although skin-stage schistosomula were readily killed by macrophages activated as a consequence of either BCG or Schistosoma mansoni infection and used either as cell monolayers or in suspension, lung-stage larvae appeared to be totally resistant to this effector mechanism and survived normally when reinjected into mice. Resistance of schistosomula to in vitro damage by macrophages was evident as early as 18 hr after host infection and was complete in worms recovered at 42 hr. The insusceptibility of lung-stage larvae is apparently not due to a defect in effector cell-target contact, because the induction of extensive macrophage adherence to the worms by the addition of anti-mouse red blood cell antisera to the cultures had no effect on parasite viability. These findings provide additional support for the concept that schistosomula during their development to the lung stage undergo a generalized change affecting their susceptibility to a variety of different immunologic effector mechanisms.     

2. The Individual in the Work Environment.

Introduces the upcoming articles in the next section, in which the authors attempt to bring together some important ideas regarding the functioning of the individual in his or her work environment. The topics include trends in worker motivation, emotion, and attitude in job behavior; employee socialization; job boredom; the aging worker; and work redesign. These articles offer alternatives to much of the technological impersonality that exists within industrial organizational psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)