Effect of intelligence, anxiety, and diagnosis on Arithmetic and Digit Span performance on the WAIS.

Tested 40 schizophrenics and 40 neurotics using WAIS scores, with Arithmetic (A) and Digit Span (DS) subtest scores subtracted, as a measure of IQ, and the MMPI as a measure of anxiety. Results suggest: (1) the intelligence level of S must be considered to interpret the relationship between A and DS; (2) the relationship between A and DS is a better indication of anxiety than the level of DS alone; (3) DS well below A may be a function of anxiety or intelligence and the affect is enhanced when S is bright and anxious; and (4) chronic or low-anxiety, dull schizophrenics and dull but not anxious nonschizophrenics show out-of-pattern relationship of DS above A. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ratings of psychological journals by and for industrial-organizational psychologists.

Studied the reference sources used by selected authors covering topics in the industrial-organizational field which appeared in 9 contributions in the Annual Review of Psychology (ARP) in the years 1970 to 1976. Seven of these are compared with rank orders in the 1950's and 1960's based on available data. Consumer and engineering psychology are considered separately and are not included in the tabulated data. Also included is a comparison of the ARP rank orders with the study of D. Koulack and H. Keselman (see record 1976-24649-001). This study for the industrial area is shown to be 16 yrs behind the times as far as contemporary industrial-organizational psychology is concerned. The source materials based on the ARP yield significant information concerning the status and changing trends of the field and can serve as a frame of reference for thinking about and carrying out investigations in the field. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

31 Flavors of Inclusionary Zoning: Comparing Policies From San Francisco,Washington, DC,and Suburban Boston

Problem: Over the past several decades, inclusionary zoning (IZ) has become an increasingly popular, but sometimes controversial, local means of producing affordable housing without direct public subsidy. The conversation about IZ has thus far largely ignored variations in the structure of IZ policies, although these variations can impact the amount of affordable housing produced and the effects of IZ on production and prices of market rate housing.

Purpose: We provide a detailed comparison of the ways in which IZ programs have been structured in the San Francisco and Washington metropolitan areas and in suburban Boston.

Methods: We create a unique dataset on IZ in these three regions by combining original data collected from several previous surveys. We use these data to compare the prevalence, structure, and affordable housing output of local IZ programs.

Results and conclusions: In the San Francisco Bay Area, IZ programs tend to be mandatory and apply broadly across locations and structure types, while including cost offsets and alternatives to onsite construction. In the Washington, DC, area, most IZ programs are also mandatory, but have broader exemptions for small developments and low-density housing. IZ programs in the Boston suburbs exhibit the most heterogeneity. They are more likely to be voluntary and to apply only to a narrow range of developments, such as multifamily housing, or within certain zoning districts. The amount of affordable housing produced under IZ varies considerably, both within and across the regions. There is some evidence that IZ programs that grant density bonuses and exempt smaller projects produce more affordable housing.

Takeaway for practice: Although variation in IZ program structures makes it hard to predict effectiveness, IZ's adaptability to local circumstances makes it a particularly attractive policy tool. IZ programs can easily be tailored to accommodate specific policy goals, housing market conditions, and residents' preferences, as well as variations in state or local regulatory and political environments.

Research support: This article is adapted from a longer working paper written with financial support from the Center for Housing Policy, the research affiliate of the National Housing Conference.     

Panel summary: spontaneous echo contrast in patients with mechanical heart valve implants

Three study sites along the roads with different automobile traffic densities were selected and cattle milk samples were collected every month from all the three sites. Lead concentration in samples were determined through atomic absorption spectrometer. Milk collected from area of heavy traffic contained 4.6-7.2 ppm of Pb, which is much higher than its permissible limit (0.3 ppm) according to FDA.     

Socioeconomic status, standard of living, and neurotic disorder

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of neurotic disorder is contradictory. We studied the association between three elements of socioeconomic status and the prevalence of neurotic psychiatric disorder in a representative sample of adults aged 16-64 living in private households in the UK. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 10,108 adults aged 16-65 resident in private households in the UK was selected by a multi-stage, clustered, random-sampling design. Neurotic disorders were defined using a standardised interview, the revised clinical interview schedule (CIS-R). Data for 9570 people were available for this study. FINDINGS: We used housing tenure and access to cars as measures of standard of living; both were associated with the prevalence of neurotic disorder even after adjustment for other socioeconomic and demographic variables, including Registrar General's Social Class and educational attainment. Those people with no access to a car had an odds ratio for neurotic disorder of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.7), compared with those who had access to two or more cars. People who rented their homes were also at increased risk (1.3 [1.1-1.5]). We estimated that about 10% of the neurotic disorder in the UK could be attributed to the increased prevalence of those without cars who rented their homes. There was a complex interaction between Registrar General's Social Class and sex, and there was no independent association with educational attainment. INTERPRETATION: There is an independent association between low standard of living and the prevalence of neurotic psychiatric disorder. The UK has experienced one of the largest increases in income inequality within western market economies over the past 20 years, and this inequality may have had adverse consequences for the mental health of the population.