A 1.0-GHz single-issue 64-bit powerPC integer processor

The organization and circuit design of a 1.0 GHz integer processor built in 0.25 μm CMOS technology are presented, a microarchitecture emphasizing parallel computation with a single late select per cycle, structured control logic implemented by read-only-memories and programmable logic arrays, and a delayed reset dynamic circuit style enabling complex functions to be implemented in a few levels of logic are among the key design choices described. A means for at-speed scan testing of this high-frequency processor by a low-speed tester is also presented     

4. Organizational Development and Change.

Introduces the articles in this section, which focus on the issue of power. The authors in this section address such issues as the analysis of the industrial power structure and its relevance for organizational development interventions, approaches to organizational interventions, the sociotechnical framework for organizational change, and the blind spots industrial/organizational psychologists might have about power and about the distribution of rewards in their efforts at organizational restructuring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Type of start box and goal box distinctiveness in self-punitive running of rats.

A total of 96 male Sprague-Dawley rats were first trained to escape shock in an alley by running to a safe goal box. In Exp I either a trapdoor-floored start box or a guillotine-door start box was used in different groups. In extinction, nonpunished and punished subgroups were tested in each of the start-box conditions. Punishment produced faster running speeds than nonpunishment (self-punitive effect) only with the trapdoor. The trapdoor start box was used in Exp II, and independent groups of Ss were trained to escape to a goal box that was either very dissimilar or similar to the shock area. Nonpunished and punished subgroups were extinguished in each goal box condition. Self-punitive running was more likely with the dissimilar goal box. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Incidence of Z band streaming and myofibrillar disruptions in skeletal muscle from healthy young people

Skeletal muscle tissue was obtained from the vastus lateralis or peroneus brevis muscles of 34 healthy volunteers. Focal and extensive areas of Z band streaming and disruption of myofibrillar architecture without Z band streaming were quantified in Araldite-embedded specimens examined in the phase microscope. Extensive areas of Z band streaming in more than 2.0 percent of fibers was present in only two of the 34 volunteers. Myofibrillar disruptions without Z band streaming was much less common than Z band streaming. The size of extensive areas of Z band streaming or myofibrillar disruptions was quantified by counting the number of adjacent fibrils and contiguous sarcomeres occupied by either type of lesion. These data should be of use in determining if such lesions are present in excessive amounts in suspected pathologic material.     

Index to Volume XXIV (1958)

When public service systems are designed in accordance with a highly aggregated definition of the public interest, their impacts often clash with community welfare as seen from a local perspective. In this article, such conflicts of interest are not viewed as an aberration of planning for large-scale systems, but as an inherent and central issue of designing and evaluating public services in urban areas. This problem is reflected in serious disparities between abstract models of planning, and the more practical processes of decision-making.

To explore means of looking at public system impacts from the concrete and unique viewpoint of neighborhoods, this discussion focuses on the nature of evaluation strategies that might best cope with these conflicts. A number of evaluation procedures are reviewed with this requirement in mind, including benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness analysis, computer interaction techniques, and a process suggested under the name of “dialectical scanning.”     

Characterization of the 12q13-15 amplicon in soft tissue tumors

Massive subretinal exudates as well as vitreal traction often induce complicated retinal detachments in patients with advanced Coats' disease. If left untreated, most patients experience secondary glaucoma by rubeosis and phthisis bulbi in addition to irreversible visual loss. We report on the surgical procedures used and results obtained in three patients aged between 21 and 28 years with combined exudative and traction-induced detachment. In all cases, extensive but unsuccessful retinal coagulation had been performed. The surgical intervention was done by application of an encircling buckle followed by vitrectomy and removal of preretinal membranes and subretinal lipid exudates via retinectomies. Particular attention was paid to the intensive endodiathermy of retinal teleangiectasies during surgery. Surgery was concluded by siliconeoil tamponade. Postoperatively, progressive resorption of remaining exudates and teleangiectatic vessels could be observed. All patients demonstrated stable functional and anatomic results at the last follow-up examination performed at 13 months to 6 years after surgery. A stabilization of the anatomic and functional situation can be achieved even in advanced cases of Coats'-induced traction retinal detachment by vitreoretinal surgery.     

Cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients: an initial report of reduced and compensatory blood flow responses during performance of two cognitive tasks

We asked whether the altered cerebral vasculature associated with essential hypertension might dampen or redirect the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response to cognitive work. Relative rCBF was assessed with [(15)O]water positron emission tomography during a working memory task, a memory span task, and two perceptual control tasks. Unmedicated hypertensive patients and control subjects differed in rCBF response during both memory tasks. Hypertensives showed relatively diminished rCBF responses in right hemisphere areas combined with compensatory activation of homologous areas in the left cerebral cortex. Essential hypertension appears to selectively influence the circulatory reserve of portions of cerebral cortex and secondarily induce recruitment of other cortical areas to process certain tasks.     

Independent amplification and frequent co-amplification of three nonsyntenic regions on the long arm of chromosome 20 in human breast cancer

DNA amplification at 20q13.2 is common in breast cancer, correlates with poor prognosis, and may reflect location of an important oncogene. Recently, other regions along 20q were also found to undergo amplification. Here, amplification levels and patterns of co-amplification were analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization at 14 loci along 20q in 146 uncultured breast carcinomas and 14 cell lines. Three regions were independently amplified in uncultured tumors: RMC20C001 region at 20q13.2 (highly amplified in 9.6% of the cases), PTPN1 region 3 Mb proximal (6.2%), and AIB3 region at 20q11 (6.2%). Co-amplifications involving two or three of these regions were seen in 11 of the 19 highly amplified tumors. The results suggest that three distinct nonsyntenic regions along 20q may be important and that complex chromosomal rearrangements underlie their frequent co-amplification in breast cancer.