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111.
Berat Z. Haznedaro?lu Daniel H. Zitomer George B. Hughes-Strange Metin Duran 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,131(10):1426-1432
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that total coliforms isolated from human and nonhuman sources have distinctly different whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. The FAME profiles studied included total coliforms isolated from sewage; feces of livestock, including bovine (dairy cattle), poultry, and swine; and feces of wildlife, including waterfowl and deer. Multiple samples within each category were collected and 303 total coliform isolates were cultured. It was found that the FAMEs 12:0 2OH and 14:0 2OH were exclusively associated with sewage samples, whereas the FAMEs 18:0 and 19:0 ISO were identified only in isolates from the livestock samples. In addition to the presence of signature FAMEs, the average relative masses of 16:1 ω7c, 18:1 ω7c, and 19:0 CYCLO ω8c were significantly different between human and nonhuman sources of total coliforms. A linear discriminant function based on these differences discriminated total coliform isolates of human origin against the other five host categories at a 77% rate of correct classification (RCC). These results strongly support the validity of our hypothesis and suggest that the FAME profiles of total coliforms have the potential to be used as a phenotypic microbial source tracking (MST) tool for predicting the sources of microbial contamination in water environments. 相似文献
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In this study, vibration of symmetrically laminated composite plates with attached mass is studied. The Ritz method with algebraic polynomial displacement field is used. The plates with at least two adjacent free edges are considered in the formulations. The effect of various parameters (number of layers, ratio of attached mass to the plate mass, position of attached mass, fiber orientation) upon the frequencies and mode shapes is investigated. It is found that attachment of a mass has important effects on the vibration characteristics of composite laminated plates. 相似文献
115.
ABSTRACT Recently, precise and deterministic feature extraction is one of the current research topics for bearing fault diagnosis. For this aim, an experimental bearing test setup was created in this study. In this setup, vibration signals were obtained from the bearings on which artificial faults were generated in specific sizes. A new feature extraction method based on co-occurrence matrices for bearing vibration signals was proposed instead of the conventional feature extraction methods, as in the literature. The One (1) Dimensional–Local Binary Patterns (1D-LBP) method was first applied to bearing vibration signals, and a new signal whose values ranged between 0–255 was obtained. Then, co-occurrence matrices were obtained from these signals. The correlation, energy, homogeneity, and contrast features were extracted from these matrices. Different machine learning methods were employed with these features to carry out the classification process. Three different data sets were used to test the proposed approach. As a result of analysing the signals with the proposed model, the success rate is 87.50% for dataset1 (different speed), 96.5% for dataset2 (fault size (mm)) and 99.30% for dataset3 (fault type – inner ring, outer ring, ball) was found, respectively. 相似文献
116.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are seeing widespread use in military, scientific, and civilian sectors in recent years. As the mission demands increase, these systems are becoming more complicated. Omnidirectional camera is a vision sensor that can captures 360° view in a single frame. In recent years omnidirectional camera usage has experienced a remarkable increase in many fields, where many innovative research has been done. Although, it is very promising, employment of omnidirectional cameras in UAVs is quite new. In this paper, an innovative sensory system is proposed, that has an omnidirectional imaging device and a pan tilt zoom (PTZ) camera. Such a system combines the advantages of both of the camera systems. The system can track any moving object within its 360° field of view and provide detailed images of it. The detection of the moving object has been accomplished by an adaptive background subtraction method implemented on the lowered resolution images of the catadioptric camera. A novel algorithm has also been developed to estimate the relative distance of the object with respect to the UAV, using tracking information of both of the cameras. The algorithms are implemented on an experimental system to validate the approach. 相似文献
117.
Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri David A. Ford Sahaja Acharya George Gilkey Metin Basaranoglu Laura H. Tetri Elizabeth M. Brunt 《Lipids》2012,47(10):941-950
Previous experiments in mice showed that dietary trans-fats could play a role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yet little is known about the accumulation trans-fats in hepatic lipid pools in relationship to liver injury. NASH is also associated with obesity yet improves with only modest weight loss. To distinguish the role of obesity versus sustained consumption of a trans-fat containing diet in causing NASH, mice with obesity and NASH induced by consuming a high trans-fat diet for 16?weeks were subsequently fed standard chow or maintained on trans-fat chow for another 8?weeks. The accumulation, partitioning and loss of trans-fats in the major hepatic lipid pools during and after trans-fat consumption were determined. Obese mice switched to standard chow remained obese but steatohepatitis improved. trans-fats were differentially incorporated into the major hepatic lipid pools and the loss of trans-fats after crossover to control chow was greatest in the cholesteryl ester pool. In summary, dietary changes can improve the biochemical and histopathological changes of NASH despite persistent obesity in mice. Analysis of hepatic lipids confirmed that dietary trans-fats accumulate in the major lipid pools and are released differentially with diet normalization. The substantial loss of trans-fats from the cholesteryl ester pool in parallel with improvement in NASH suggests that this pool of trans-fats could play a role in the pathogenesis of NASH. 相似文献
118.
Yasumi Ohta Takaaki E. Murakami Mamiko Kawahara Makito Haruta Hironari Takehara Hiroyuki Tashiro Kiyotaka Sasagawa Jun Ohta Metin Akay Yasemin M. Akay 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Dopamine (DA) is the key regulator of reward behavior. The DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and their projection areas, which include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and amygdala, play a primary role in the process of reward-driven behavior induced by the drugs of addiction, including nicotine and alcohol. In our previous study, we developed a novel platform consisting of micro-LED array devices to stimulate a large area of the brain of rats and monkeys with photo-stimulation and a microdialysis probe to estimate the DA release in the PFC. Our results suggested that the platform was able to detect the increased level of dopamine in the PFC in response to the photo-stimulation of both the PFC and VTA. In this study, we used this platform to photo-stimulate the VTA neurons in both ChrimsonR-expressing (non-specific) wild and dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre (dopamine specific) mice, and measured the dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcShell). We measured the DA release in the NAcShell in response to optogenetic stimulation of the VTA neurons and investigated the effect of GABAergic neurons on dopaminergic neurons by histochemical studies. Comparing the photo-stimulation frequency of 2 Hz with that of 20 Hz, the change in DA concentration at the NAcShell was greater at 20 Hz in both cases. When ChrimsonR was expressed specifically for DA, the release of DA at the NAcShell increased in response to photo-stimulation of the VTA. In contrast, when ChrimsonR was expressed non-specifically, the amount of DA released was almost unchanged upon photo-stimulation. However, for nonspecifically expressed ChrimsonR, intraperitoneal injection of bicuculline, a competitive antagonist at the GABA-binding site of the GABAA receptor, also significantly increased the release of DA at the NAcShell in response to photo-stimulation of the VTA. The results of immunochemical staining confirm that GABAergic neurons in the VTA suppress DA activation, and also indicate that alterations in GABAergic neurons may have serious downstream effects on DA activity, NAcShell release, and neural adaptation of the VTA. This study also confirms that optogenetics technology is crucial to study the relationship between the mesolimbic dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons in a neural-specific manner. 相似文献
119.
Marta Martins Önder Metin Melike Sevim Biljana Šljukić César A.C. Sequeira Tansel Sener Diogo M.F. Santos 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(23):10686-10697
5 nm palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are synthesized and assembled on reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide nanocomposite (rGO-Fe3O4) to be used in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) studies in alkaline media. The structure and morphology of the resulting Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material are evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The electrochemical behavior of Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material for the ORR and BOR is investigated by voltammetry with rotating disk and rotating ring disk electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, enabling evaluation of the number of exchanged electrons, Tafel slope, exchange current density and activation energy. The results reveal that ORR at Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 proceeds as a 2-electron process with Tafel slope of 0.133 V dec?1, while BOR proceeds as a 5.6-electron process with Tafel slope of 0.350 V dec?1 and exchange current density of 1.38 mA cm?2. The BOR activation energy was found to be 12.4 kJ mol?1. Overall, this study demonstrates the good efficiency of Pd/rGO-Fe3O4 hybrid material for BOR. 相似文献
120.
Ramazan Erdem Metin Yüksek Erhan Sancak Onur Atak Merve Erginer Levent Kabasakal 《纺织学会志》2017,108(6):935-946
Optimized electrospinning conditions were applied to produce single and multilayered (ML) scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone, collagen and elastin. The ML scaffold was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to increase the stability. Morphological and structural characteristics of the scaffolds were measured by SEM and FTIR analyses. Results revealed that polymers combined to each other well and uniform fibers were obtained with the diameters ranging from 156 ± 53 to 1536 ± 293 nm. Contact angle measurements were performed to investigate the hydrophilic character of each structure. It was observed that incorporation of the natural polymers into the blends increased the hydrophilicity. Mechanical tests proved that collagen contributed to fabricate stiffer structures while elastin provided more elasticity. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was examined by SEM analysis and WST-1 test with mouse fibroblast cells (L929) in vitro. Results exhibited that the addition of natural polymers increased the cell growth, and none of the single and ML scaffolds presented cytotoxic effect. 相似文献