Lactic acid production from dining‐hall food waste by Lactobacillus plantarum using response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: Food waste generally has a high starch content and is rich in nutritional compounds, including lipids and proteins. It therefore represents a potential renewable resource. In this study, dining‐hall food waste was used as a substrate for lactic acid production, and response surface methodology was employed to optimise the fermentation conditions. RESULTS: Lactic acid biosynthesis was significantly affected by the interaction of protease and temperature. Protease, temperature and CaCO₃ had significant linear effects on lactic acid production, while α‐amylase and yeast extract had insignificant effects. The optimal conditions were found to be an α‐amylase activity of 13.86 U g^?1 dried food waste, a protease activity of 2.12 U g^?1 dried food waste, a temperature of 29.31 °C and a CaCO₃ concentration of 62.67 g L^?1, which resulted in a maximum lactic acid concentration of 98.51 g L^?1 (88.75% yield). An increase in inoculum size would be appropriate for accelerating the depletion of initial soluble carbohydrate to enhance the efficiency of α‐amylase in dining‐hall food waste fermentation. CONCLUSION: A suitable regression model for lactic acid production was developed based on the experimental results. Dining‐hall food waste was found to be a good substrate for lactic acid fermentation with high product yield and without nutrient supplementation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Syngas production via combined oxy-CO2 reforming of methane over Gd2O3-modified Ni/SiO2 catalysts in a fluidized-bed reactor

In this research, Ni/SiO₂ catalyst was modified with different amount of Gd₂O₃ and characterized with temperature-programmed desorption of CO₂ (CO₂-TPD) and NH₃ (NH₃-TPD), temperature-programmed reduction with H₂ (H₂-TPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that Gd₂O₃-modified Ni/SiO₂ catalysts possessed higher CO₂ adsorption and activation ability due to the formation of surface carbonate species. H₂-TPR and XRD characterizations found that the strong interaction among nickel, Gd₂O₃ and SiO₂ took place, which improved the dispersion of Ni. Gd₂O₃-modified Ni/SiO₂ catalysts exhibited higher activity and stability for the combined oxy-CO₂ reforming of methane in fluidized-bed reactor. The H₂/CO ratio in produced syngas could be controlled via controlling reaction temperature and CO₂/O₂ ratio in feed.     

"JDS-音频化渣微机综合检测系统"的应用与效果

简要介绍“JDS-音频化渣微机综合检测系统”的工作原理和应用效果，证明使用该装置是提高炼钢操作水平的一条较好途径。     

超纯汞生产新工艺的技术研究

本文着重介绍了超纯汞生产新工艺的基本原理的理论探讨及生产工艺过程的控制。     

西气东输工程用X70热轧板卷屈服强度检测值波动大的探讨

对西气东输工程用X70热轧板卷检验过程中出的屈服强度σ0.5波动大的情况进行了分析，认为拉伸试样弯曲是主要原因。这一问题可通过反复压平试样，确保试样的平直度以及适当提高钢的强度的方法加以解决。     

现场总线控制系统浅谈

简述了现场总线控制系统的结构及其显优点。现场总线控制系统的结构包括：主控器、总线接口、电源、输入／输出接点、总线电揽和终端电阻。另外对其显优点做了逐一介绍。现场总线控制系统可在工业自动化控制系统中推广应用。     

New approach to enhance adhesions between carbon nanotube emitters and substrate by the combination of electrophoresis and successive electroplating

Complementary electroplating combined with electrophoresis enhanced the field emission characteristics of emitters by improving the adhesions between CNT emitters and substrate. The emitting current of the CNT emitters prepared by our combined method increased nine times higher than that of CNT emitters prepared by electrophoresis only, since electroplating improved the adhesion of CNT emitters. During the life-time measurement for 10 h, the emitting current of CNT emitters fabricated by electrophoresis only was drastically decreased to 13% of the initial current, while that prepared by the combination of electrophoresis and successive electroplating decreased to 64% of the initial current. We suggest that our method is a promising approach for the efficient fabrication of reliable CNT emitters.     

Studies on the treatment of brilliant green solution by combination microwave induced oxidation with CoFe2O4

In this work the synergistic effects of microwave (MW) irradiation induced oxidation processes and CoFe₂O₄ were studied for the degradation of brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. Under the optimum condition, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:167 (0.3 g CoFe₂O₄ mixed with 50 mL of 20 mg L⁻¹ BG solution), MW power 600 W, and the time of the irradiation 2 min. And the decolorization rate could reach up to 100%. Further investigation showed that BG was degraded by MW-induced oxidation combined with CoFe₂O₄ surface adsorption. The CoFe₂O₄ could increase the efficiencies of MW degradation and be used repeatedly. The experimental results indicated that the method of MW degradation BG in the presence of CoFe₂O₄ could reduce reaction time and increase product yield.     

湿法成形薄型陶瓷砖的干燥

分析了湿法成形薄型陶瓷砖干燥的特点．具体讨论了微波干燥和少空气干燥方式在湿法薄形陶瓷砖干燥上中应用及干燥过程中坯体传动方式的选择。     

基于网格的知识资源挖掘研究

为满足网络上不同用户群体对个性化资源的要求,文章从网格与服务网格的概念出发,引入知识挖掘技术,提出了网格环境下的个性化知识资源挖掘实现框架,并对其实现功能与应用加以分析.