Evaluation of specific absorbed fractions from internal photon sources in ORNL analytical adult phantom

To design a diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation programme, there is a need to estimate the absorbed dose. In this investigation, specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) were calculated based on Cristy and Eckerman's analytical adult phantom, by MCNP4C Monte Carlo code. SAFs were estimated with uncertainty <3%, for about 600 source organ-target organ pairs at 12 photon energies (these data are available at http://www.um.ac.ir/~mirihakim). Then these results were compared with Cristy and Eckerman's, which were based on direct Monte Carlo, reciprocity principle and point source kernel methods. Also, agreements and disagreements between them for different states were discussed.     

Skin Barrier Function and the Microbiome

Human skin is the largest organ and serves as the first line of defense against environmental factors. The human microbiota is defined as the total microbial community that coexists in the human body, while the microbiome refers to the collective genome of these microorganisms. Skin microbes do not simply reside on the skin but interact with the skin in a variety of ways, significantly affecting the skin barrier function. Here, we discuss recent insights into the symbiotic relationships between the microbiome and the skin barrier in physical, chemical, and innate/adaptive immunological ways. We discuss the gut-skin axis that affects skin barrier function. Finally, we examine the effects of microbiome dysbiosis on skin barrier function and the role of these effects in inflammatory skin diseases, such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Microbiome cosmetics can help restore skin barrier function and improve these diseases.