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151.
152.
Polymer film-type channel electron multipliers (CEMs) were developed and their characteristics investigated in comparison with bulk-type flexible CEM. As film-type CEMs, a paint-coating-type CEM and a solvent-etching-type CEM were fabricated. The paint-coating-type CEM is made by coating a “paint” which is prepared by dissolving in a solvent an electronically conductive polymeric composition having a high secondary electron emission yield. Up to the present study the mean gain of the film-type CEM, in spite of the lower resistivity of the dynode, seems to be slightly more dependent on the count rate than that of the bulk-type CEM made of the same material. However, the convenience of fabricating the dynode film by coating the dynode-forming paint on the internal surface of any shaped tube or a flexible polymer tube would overcome the slight disadvantage mentioned above. 相似文献
153.
The photovoltaic and dark electrical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes were changed by forward bias carrier injection for several hours. These changes were similar to photoinduced (PI) changes previously reported, and this result supports previous explanations for PI changes. The differences between these two types of change are also discussed. 相似文献
154.
Summary
Poly(N-hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine) (PHEG) hydrogels were prepared by aminolysis of
poly( -benzyl L-glutamate) with 2-aminoethanol and hydrophobic or hydrophilic
crosslinkers, and the effect of the hydrophobicity of the crosslinkers was evaluated.
The swelling properties, tensile properties and enzymatic degradation behavior were
studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The swelling ratio and degradation rate of
these hydrogels were highly dependent on the hydrophobicity of the crosslinkers,
while tensile properties were dependent on the swelling ratio, but not on the
hydrophobicity of the crosskinkers. 相似文献
155.
Characterization of a thermostable family 10 endo-xylanase (XynB) from Thermotoga maritima that cleaves p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhengqiang J Kobayashi A Ahsan MM Lite L Kitaoka M Hayashi K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2001,92(5):423-428
Thermotoga maritima MSB8 possesses two xylanase genes, xynA and xynB. The xynB gene was isolated from the genomic DNA of T. maritima, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. XynB was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment, affinity chromatography and ion-exchange column chromatography. The purified enzyme produced a single band upon SDS-PAGE corresponding to a molecular mass of 42 kDa. At 70 degrees C, the enzyme was stable between pH 5.0 and pH 11.4, and it was stable at temperatures of up to 100 degrees C from pH 7.0 to pH 8.5. At 50 degrees C, XynB displayed an optimum pH of 6.14 and at this pH the temperature for optimal enzyme activity was 90 degrees C. XynB exhibited broad substrate specificity and was highly active towards p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylobioside with K(m) and k(cat) values of 0.0077 mM and 5.5 s(-1), respectively, at 30 degrees C. It was also active towards p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside. The initial product of the cleavage of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside was xylobiose, indicating that the major reaction in the cleavage was transglycosylation, not hydrolysis. 相似文献
156.
This article reviews our approach to render 12CaO · 7Al2O3 (C12A7) electronically active using a new concept of ‘active anion manipulation’, where nanostructures embedded within the
C12A7 crystal lattice are intentionally utilized to generate chemically unstable (‘water-free active’) anions. Anionic active
oxygen radicals, O− and O2−, are formed efficiently in C12A7 cages under high oxygen activity conditions. The configuration and dynamics of O2− in cages are revealed by a combination of continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It is demonstrated
that metal-loaded C12A7 is a promising oxidation catalyst for syngas (CO + H2) formation from methane. Furthermore, the O− ion, the strongest oxidant among active oxygen species, can be extracted from the cage into an external vacuum by applying
an electric field with thermal assistance, generating a high-density O− beam in the order of μA cm−2. In contrast, heat treatment of C12A7 in a hydrogen atmosphere forms H− ions in the cages. The resultant C12A7:H− exhibits a persistent insulator-conductor conversion upon ultraviolet-light or electron-beam irradiation. The irradiation-induced
conversion mechanism is examined by first-principle theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the presence of a severely reducing
environment causes the complete substitution of electrons for anions in the cages. The resulting C12A7:e−, which exhibits excellent stability and an electrical conductivity greater than 100 S cm−1, is regarded as an ‘electride’, an ionic compound in which electrons serve as anions. The C12A7 electride exhibits a high
potential for applications involving cold cathode and thermal field electron emissions due to its small work function. Electride
fabrication methods suitable for large-scale production via melt processing are described. It is also demonstrated that proton
or inert gas ion implantations into C12A7 thin films at elevated temperatures are effective for both H− and electron doping. 相似文献
157.
Miyuki Hayashi Hirokage Yamada Naozumi Nabeshima Kazuhiro Nagata 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2007,28(1):83-96
The temperature dependences of the velocity of sound in liquid Pb, Sn, Ge, and Si have been measured by means of the pulse
transmission technique over temperature ranges of 610–1078 K, 608–1463 K, 1215–1443 K, and 1723–1888 K, respectively. In both
liquid Pb and Sn, the velocities of sound decrease linearly with increasing temperature, which is the same temperature dependence
as shown in many other liquid metals. On the other hand, the velocities of sound in liquid Ge and Si exhibit anomalous temperature
dependences. In Ge, the velocity of sound has a distinct maximum around 1280 K and decreases linearly at higher temperatures.
In Si, the velocity of sound increases monotonically with increasing temperature in the temperature range investigated. It
is considered that these results predict that the coordination numbers of liquid Ge and Si increase with increasing temperature. 相似文献
158.
Morishita F. Hayashi I. Gyohten T. Noda H. Ipposhi T. Shimano H. Dosaka K. Arimoto K. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2007,42(4):853-861
A twin-transistor random access memory (TTRAM) can provide high speed, low power and high density with CMOS compatible SOI process. However it is difficult to handle as the unified memory required for advanced SoC because it needs the simple control sensing operation for memory compiler, higher cell efficiency, and lower voltage operation for dynamic frequency and voltage control. Enhanced TTRAM (ET2RAM) applies the actively body-bias control technique to realize the low voltage array operation, and never require the negative voltage source. The ET2RAM can realize both 263 MHz at 0.8 V and 10.2 mW at 0.5 V random-cycle operation, higher cell efficiency, and process scalability. It also provides the simple control method suitable for the unified macro for system-level power management SoC with keeping the merits of TTRAM as CMOS compatibility 相似文献
159.
Kanami Ikegami Tomoya Kawashima Shinji Hayashi Norihisa Moriya 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2007,15(3):193-197
Abstract— A polymerizable liquid crystal (PLC), the orientation of which can be frozen, is useful for making retardation layers. In this paper, a new color filter (CF) with retardation‐controlling layers made of PLC is reported. It has a positive A‐plate and a negative C‐plate, both directly stacked on a color‐filter layer. These two retardation layers exhibit good orientation ability, and function well as retarders, even when they are only 1/10 or less as thick as ordinary retardation films. The new CF also has excellent thermal stability. The change in retardation after heat treatment at 200°C for 30 min is around 5%, and there is no observable peeling. A prototype VA‐LCD made with our new CF provides good optical compensation, with the light leakage being extremely low in all azimuthal directions. This technology is very useful for making thin, highly reliable color filters for LCDs, even with other modes. 相似文献
160.
F. Tao M. Yokozawa Z. Zhang Y. Hayashi Y. Ishigooka 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(19):5461-5478
Land surface phenology dynamics reflect the response of the Earth's biosphere to inter‐ and intra‐annual dynamics of the Earth's climate and hydrologic regimes. Investigations of land surface phenology dynamics and its relation to long‐term climate variation could help us to detect the response of regional vegetation to climate variation. The present study developed a new algorithm for detecting regional land surface phenology dynamics (ARLSPD) and demonstrated it in detecting the vegetation response to inter‐annual climate variability in the North East China Transect (NECT), a mid‐latitude semi‐arid terrestrial transect with strong gradients in environmental conditions and vegetation formations. The spatial–temporal patterns of greenup‐onset date, maturity date, and senescence date during the period of 1982–2000 are presented. The resultant spatial–temporal patterns of land surface phenology were quite consistent with the land‐cover characteristics, moisture, and temperature gradients. The relations between inter‐annual variations in phenology and seasonal climate were investigated. It was found that besides human disturbance, land surface phenology depended primarily on the combined effects of preseason temperature and precipitation. The relative influence of preseason temperature and precipitation on land surface phenology was changing, which led to the different responses of land surface dynamics to climate variation along the moisture gradient in the NECT. In the arid and semi‐arid region of NECT, the dates of onset for phonological events in temperate typical grassland were most significantly related to the precipitation during the preceding 2–4 months. Temperature‐induced drought stress during the preceding months could delay greenup onset in cropland/grassland mosaic, and advance senescence in temporal typical grassland, and in cropland/grassland mosaic. The regional phenology algorithm, theoretically also applicable for complex ecosystems characterized by annual multiple growth cycles, is expected to couple with large‐scale biogeochemical models to regulate dynamically land surface phenology. 相似文献