Esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone decrease arterial LDL metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys

OBJECTIVES: To assess retinal complications and to identify risk factors for retinal complications following aqueous shunt procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 38 consecutive aqueous shunt procedures that were performed on 36 patients at the Eye Institute of the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, from June 1993 to March 1995 (minimum follow-up, 6 months) were reviewed. The mean +/- SD follow-up was 11.4 +/- 5.2 months (median, 10.5 months). RESULTS: Twelve patients (32%) had the following retinal complications: 4 serous choroidal effusions (10%) that required drainage, 3 suprachoroidal hemorrhages (8%), 2 vitreous hemorrhages (5%), 1 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (3%), 1 endophthalmitis (3%), and 1 scleral buckling extrusion (3%). Surgical procedures for retinal complications were required in 8 (67%) of these 12 patients. Visual acuity decreased 2 lines or more in 9 (75%) of these 12 patients. The median onset of a postoperative retinal complication was 12.5 days, with 10 patients (83%) experiencing complications within 35 days. Serous choroidal effusions developed in 10 other patients (26%), and these effusions resolved spontaneously. Visual acuity decreased 2 lines or more in 2 (20%) of these additional 10 patients. Patients who experienced serious retinal complications were significantly older, had a higher rate of hypertension, and postoperative ocular hypotony. Serious retinal complications were distributed evenly among patients with Krupin valves with discs and Molteno and Baerveldt devices. Experience with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant was limited. CONCLUSION: Aqueous shunt procedures may be associated with significant retinal complications and subsequent visual loss.     

Hydrogenated amorphous semiconductors

Solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon are now made from a variety of materials including alloys and microcrystalline films. Research aimed at improving cell efficiency should emphasize studies of alloys and metastable defects. We discuss several research topics related to the growth, structure, and electronic properties of these materials, which should lead to improved photovoltaic devices.     

The gill calcium transport cycle in rainbow trout is correlated with plasma levels of bioactive, not immunoreactive, stanniocalcin

The aims of this study were to determine the most appropriate duration for the measurement of the maximal accumulated O2 deficit (MAOD), which is analogous to the anaerobic capacity, to ascertain the effects of mass, fat free mass (FFM), leg volume (Vleg) and lower body volume (V1b) on anaerobic test performance, to examine the reproducibility for peak power output (Wpeak) or maximal anaerobic power using an air-braked cycle ergometer and to produce approximations for the percentages of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during exercise of short duration but high intensity. A group of 12 endurance trained cyclists [mean age 25.1 (SD 4.6) years; mean body mass 73.43 (SD 7.12) kg; mean maximal oxygen consumption 5.12 (SD 0.35) l.min-1; mean body fat 12.5 (SD 4.1) %] accordingly performed four counterbalanced treatments of 45, 60, 75 and 90 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. The mean O2 deficit of 3.52 l for the 45-s treatment was significantly less (P < 0.01) than those for the 60 (3.75 l), 75 (3.80 l) and 90-s (3.75 l) treatments. These data therefore indicate that in predominantly aerobically trained subjects the O2 deficit attains a plateau after 60 s of maximal cycling on an air-braked ergometer. Statistically significant interclass correlation coefficients (P < 0.05) between the anthropometric variables (mass, FFM, Vleg and Vlb) and Wpeak or maximal anaerobic power (0.624-0.748) and MAOD (ml) or anaerobic capacity (0.666-0.772) furthermore would suggest the relevance of taking into account muscle mass during anaerobic tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

On the notation of CALM — common assembly language for microprocessors

Common Assembly Language for Microprocessors (CALM) is a set of notations, independent of any manufacturer but strongly inspired by the best existing assemblers.

The paper contains a discussion of assembler addressing modes and their expressions in CALM. A program example of the Bubble Sort subroutine written for 4 processors (hypothetical, 8085, 8086, 68000) gives an idea of CALM programs.     

Ultrastructural characteristics of Babesia odocoilei in vitro

Babesia odocoilei continuously cultured in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) erythrocytes was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Merozoites, trophozoites, intermediate-stage forms, and dividing forms were observed. Merozoites possessed a single nucleus, inner membrane complex, rhoptries, free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and single membrane-bound vesicles. Trophozoites lacked an inner membrane complex and rhoptries. Intermediate stages were characterized by distinct segments of inner membrane complex. Dividing forms ranged from cells with an elongated nucleus to mature daughter cells joined by a ringlike structure. Babesia odocoilei was characterized by its close proximity to the erythrocyte membrane, membranous structures resembling feeding organelles, and reproduction via a method resembling budding sensu stricto.     

Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry studies of the structure of bulk and film GexAsyS60 chalcogenide glasses

The recent novel temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TA Instruments MDSCTM) technique has been applied to the measurement of thermal properties of GexAsyS60 chalcogenide glasses in the glass transition region in bulk glasses and in their thin films. The reversing and non-reversing heat flows through the glass transformation region during both heating and cooling schedules were measured and the values of the parameters, Tg, ΔH, Cp and ΔCp, which characterize the thermal events in the glass transition region, were determined. The structurally determined parameters, Tg, ΔH, Cp and ΔCp, reveal significant changes with composition because in the GexAsyS60 glasses the average coordination number, 〈r〉, increases from 2.4 to 2.8 with increasing x from 0 to 40 at% Ge. A maximum in Tg, ΔH and Cp and a minimum in the heat capacity change, ΔCp, at Tg occur near the composition for which x≈30 at% Ge. These extrema which appear in both films and bulk glasses are ascribed to a change in the network function of Ge atoms replacing As atoms in a covalent network. Recent structural models for chalcogenide glasses have been considered to explain the observed thermal properties. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Parallel Computation of High-Dimensional Robust Correlation and Covariance Matrices

The computation of covariance and correlation matrices are critical to many data mining applications and processes. Unfortunately the classical covariance and correlation matrices are very sensitive to outliers. Robust methods, such as Quadrant Correlation (QC) and the Maronna method, have been proposed. However, existing algorithms for QC only give acceptable performance when the dimensionality of the matrix is in the hundreds; and the Maronna method is rarely used in practice because of its high computational cost. In this paper we develop parallel algorithms for both QC and the Maronna method. We evaluate these parallel algorithms using a real data set of the gene expression of over 6000 genes, giving rise to a matrix of over 18 million entries. In our experimental evaluation, we explore scalability in dimensionality and in the number of processors, and the trade-offs between accuracy and computational efficiency. We also compare the parallel behaviours of the two methods. From a statistical standpoint, the Maronna method is more robust than QC. From a computational standpoint, while QC requires less computation, interestingly the Maronna method is much more parallelizable than QC. After a thorough experimentation, we conclude that for many data mining applications, both QC and Maronna are viable options. Less robust, but faster, QC is the recommended choice for small parallel platforms. On the other hand, the Maronna method is the recommended choice when a high degree of robustness is required, or when the parallel platform features a large number of processors (e.g., 32).     

Learning With Weblogs: Enhancing Cognitive and Social Knowledge Construction

This study investigated the impact of weblog use on individual learning in the context of university senior-level business education. As an emergent form of personal communication, weblogs enable people to publish their thoughts as webpages, and to share information and knowledge. Recognizing the potential impact of weblogs on knowledge expression and sharing, this research sought to empirically examine whether the continuous use of weblogs as online learning logs would affect student learning performance. The assumption was that effective use of weblogs promoted the constructivist models of learning by supporting both cognitive and social knowledge construction, and by reinforcing individual accountability in learning. Results from an Information Systems undergraduate course with 31 participants indicated that the performance of students' weblogs was a significant predictor of the learning outcome (while traditional coursework was not). Moreover, individuals' cognitive construction effort to build their own mental models and social construction effort to further enrich/expand knowledge resources appeared to be two key aspects of the constructivist learning with weblogs. Our results imply the potential benefit of using weblogs as a knowledge construction tool and a social learning medium     

Endothelial selectins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 promote hematopoietic progenitor homing to bone marrow

The adhesive mechanisms allowing hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) homing to the bone marrow (BM) after BM transplantation are poorly understood. We investigated the role of endothelial selectins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in this process. Lethally irradiated recipient mice deficient in both P-and E-selectins (P/E-/-), reconstituted with minimal numbers (相似文献