We demonstrate a simple route to depositing nickel layer patterns using photocross-linked polymer thin films containing palladium catalysts, which can be used as adhesive interlayers for fabrication of nickel patterns on glass and plastic substrates. Electroless nickel patterns can be obtained in three steps: (i) the pattern formation of partially quaterized poly(vinyl pyridine) by UV irradiation, (ii) the formation of macromolecular metal complex with palladium, and (iii) the nickel metallization using electroless plating bath. Metallization is site-selective and allows for a high resolution. And the resulting nickel layered structure shows good adhesion with glass and plastic substrates. The direct patterning of metallic layers onto insulating substrates indicates a great potential for fabricating micro/nano devices. 相似文献
Abstract— Large‐screen (32‐in. WXGA and 17‐in. VGA) displays using metal—insulator—metal (MIM) cathode arrays have been developed. A cathode structure with low‐resistance electrodes and low‐capacitance emitters shortens signal delay and decreases the voltage drop in large MIM‐cathode arrays. By using a dual‐scan method, the signal delay was suppressed to less than 30% of the horizontal scan time in the 32‐in. WXGA panel. Emission efficiency of the cathode array was improved to 3% by reducing the surface work function of the top electrode from 4.7 to 3.9 eV. The cathode life was also improved to more than 10,000 hours. The display panel incorporating the cathode arrays and high‐efficiency P22‐phosphor screens with 3‐mm spacers showed high screen brightness (average brightness, 378 cd/m2; peak brightness, 832 cd/m2) at an anode voltage of 10 kV. 相似文献
Trap densities (Dt) in entire bandgaps of poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by solid-phase crystallization (SPC) have been extracted by measuring low-frequency capacitance-voltage characteristics and using an extraction algorithm. The extraction algorithm is explained in detail. Dt in the upper and lower halves of the bandgap is extracted from n- and p-type TFTs, respectively. It is found that Dt is very roughly 1018 cm−3 eV−1 near the midgap and becomes tail states near the conduction and valence bands. As a result, Dt is distributed like U shape in the bandgap, but humps appear around the midgap. Moreover, the dependence of Dt on process conditions of post annealing has been evaluated. It is found that the hump can be reduced by increasing annealing temperature and time because crystal defects generated during the SPC are extinguished during the post annealing. 相似文献
Blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured under steady-state and incremental cycle exercises
using a transcranial Doppler ultrasound velocimeter. The peak systolic velocity was found to rise markedly under exercise,
while the end diastolic velocity tended to remain at the resting value. The relationship between peak systolic velocity and
systolic blood pressure, and that between peak systolic velocity and heart rate were found to show a statistically significant
correlation. The mean MCA blood velocity also showed a significant correlation with the mean arterial pressure and heart rate.
The fluctuations of velocity and the resistance index were calculated in order to evaluate the hemodynamic load on the vessel
wall; these also increased markedly under exercise. Such hemodynamic changes in activity might be important in understanding
the genesis of vascular diseases, as well as the physiology of cerebral circulation. 相似文献
The noninvasive discrimination of cancer cells from normal cells in adherent culture by the measuring of the phase shift using phase-shifting laser microscopy (PLM) was investigated with the aim of noninvasive quality control of cell processing for transplantation. A human prostatic carcinoma epithelial cell line (PC-3) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (Hep3B, PLC, HLF, and Huh7) showed markedly lower phase shifts as measured by PLM than those of human prostate epithelial cells (PREC) and cryopreserved human hepatocytes, respectively, although there was no apparent difference in cell morphology between these sets of cells. Mixed cultures of PC-3 and PREC, in which the percentages of PC-3 cells were determined to be 43.3%, 14.0%, and 10.6% by immunofluorescence staining, were prepared, and the percentages were calculated to be 50.0%, 8.0%, and 2.5% using the distribution of the phase shift data of the cells, respectively. In conclusion, these adherent cancer cells can be noninvasively discriminated from normal adherent cells by phase shift measurement using PLM, and the sensitivity of the method of detecting cancer cell contamination reached 10%. 相似文献
We report on an anisotropic actuation of electroactive papers with a PEDOT/PSS coating in ambient air. PEDOT/PSS‐coated papers were prepared by wetting Manila papers with a concentrated PEDOT/PSS aqueous dispersion and subsequent drying. The electroactive papers displayed a contractile stress when an external voltage was applied, the magnitude and direction of the stress depending on the relative orientation of paper fibers and the loading direction of the coating. We also demonstrated that a butterfly‐like reversible bending motion of the PEDOT/PSS coated paper occurred when the voltage switching between on and off.
The consistency of the least squares estimate of frequencies modulated in amplitude is investiga ted. It is proved that the estimate based on the wavelet transform is consistent when dilation and translation parameters of the wavelet transform as well as the sampling points are carefully chosen in order to preserve consistency. Our theorem shows that an intuitive method proposed by P. Guillemain et al . (Estimation of spectral lines with the help of the wavelet transform: application in NMR spectroscopy. In Wavelets and Applications (ed. Y. Meyer). New York: Springer, 1992, pp. 38–68) works well for the non-noisy case but does not work well for the noisy case. A key to the consistency is the use of the localization property of the wavelet transform 相似文献