Nomemclature of the proteins of cow's milk: fourth revision.

This report reviews the nomenclature of the milk proteins of cow's milk in light of more recent advances in our knowledge. With the establishment of the primary structures of a number of these proteins, we now have a definite identification of alphas1-, kappa-, beta-, and the gamma-caseins as well as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. On the basis of new information on their primary structures and relationship to beta-casein polymorphs, changes in nomenclature have been recommended for proteins of the gamma-casein fraction. Although the primary structure serves as the unambiguous definition of proteins for which it is known, a more practical identification is necessary. We recommend that their behavior in gel electrophoresis under suitable conditions be employed for this purpose for all of the "major" milk proteins of raw skim milk except the immunoglobulins where, because of their heterogeneity and molecular genetics, physical parameters are less useful and their identification must be based upon antigenic determinants and their homology with their human counterparts. More work is needed and, with the accumulation of more information, additional changes in nomenclature can be expected for such proteins as the minor components of alphas- and kappa-caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, and the proteose-peptone fraction as well as further confirmation of the presence of immunoglobulins IgE and additional IgG subclasses. Additional components and genetic variants also can be expected.     

Abdominoperineal resection following anterior resection

A series of 11 patients undergoing abdoninoperineal resection for "suture line recurrence" following anterior resection is presented. Five-year survival is 10%. Technically, the procedure is difficult and major problems are encountered, including large blood loss and ureteral complications. These patients had an inadequate distal margin of resection at the time of anterior resection. The survival of this group of patients underscores the importance of making the correct judgment about anterior or abdominoperineal resection at the time of the initial presentation of the patient. The phrase "suture line recurrence" is a misnomer; all of these patients had advanced pelvic malignancy. If the adequacy of the distal margin is questionable or a distal margin of 5 cm cannot be obtained safely at the time of anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection should be performed, as the opportunity for cure of a recurrence should this rule be compromised is limited.     

Comparative structural and immunochemical properties of leghaemoglobins

Circular dichroism studies on leghaemoglobins from snake bean, lupin, serradella and other plants show that, in common with soybean (reported earlier) they have a similar overall polypeptide chain conformation and haem environment and orientation. Immunochemical studies, on the other hand, suggest that the antigenic determinants on the surface of the leghaemoglobins vary considerably. Thus, firstly the alpha-helix content of the leghaemoglobins as a class is very similar (60-65%) and approaches that of the myoglobins, secondly, the sign, magnitude and shape of their circular dichroism spectra in the near ultraviolet, Soret and visible regions suggest close similarities in the environment and orientation of a structurally important tryptophan residue and of the haem moiety, and thirdly, there is comparatively weak haem-protein interaction. The extent of immuno cross-reactivity was found to be best deomonstrated using the Farr radioimmunoassay procedure. The results were (a) 5 leghaemoglobins from one plant (soybean) crossreacted completely but with varying affinities. (b) The extent of cross reactivity between leghaemoglobins from different plants was compared to that within a single plant; the reaction of antiserum to a soybean leghaemoglobin with a serradella leghaemoglobin was weak, with a snake bean leghaemoglobin still weaker (and incomplete) while lupin leghaemoglobins showed no cross reactivity at all. (c) The "rapid" attenuation of cross reactivity among different plant leghaemoglobins is explicable in terms of the extensive amino acid substitutions which have been demonstrated in the literature and in the present studies. (d) In view of this rapid divergence it is not surprising that sperm whale and horse heart myoglobins showed no cross reactivity with soybean leghaemoglobins. In summary, amino acid substitutions in the leghaemoglobin family are conformationally but not immunochemically conservative.     

镁基储氢合金寿命改善方法研究概况

镁基储氢合金是一种很有发展前景的储氢合金材料,但其在碱性电解液中极易腐蚀,循环性能较差,这限制了它在镍氢电池中的实际应用.因此,采用不同方法对镁基储氢合金的性能进行改进研究成为近年来的一个研究热点.主要针对几种改善镁基储氢合金循环性能的方法进行了综述.     

初始展开面积对一步成形模拟收敛效率的影响

通过典型件方盒，针对一步模拟法初始场预示的截面线展开法和反向变形法，研究了板成形冲压件表面积与初始展开面积之比对收敛性和收敛速度的影响，得出了适当调整该面积比，可以提高收敛速度的结论，并通过某轿车翼子板的一步成形模拟验证了该结论，为进一步提高一步成形模拟的计算效率提供了一个简便而有效的方法．     

全控桥整流励磁系统对发电机转子接地保护的影响

着重分析了以可控硅为主的整流励磁系统的发电机对基于导纳原理的转子接地保护的影响。并提出了改进方案。     

基于ZEUS的主体度量

在软件工程领域，主体系统的设计和开发受到越来越多的关注。但是传统的软件度量技术和面向对象的软件度量技术不适用于对主体系统的分析，而影响主体系统质量的主要因素是复杂度和知识能力。文中结合ZEUS主体系统，采用FSM框架给出主体复杂度和知识能力的度量指标以及度量主体。     

摩根轧机乳化液侵入污染问题分析及处置措施

针对摩根轧机乳化液侵入污染问题,根据摩根轧机的运行实践,分析了污染产生的原因及危害,提出了解决问题的方法及措施。