蓝莓浓缩汁流变特性及化学组成的变化

流体的流变学可为工艺设计提供有关数据,并有助于找出产品组成及加工工艺对流变性质的影响。本研究采用AR1000型流变仪研究了浓缩蓝莓汁(60°Brix)在(20～60℃)范围内的流变特性。通过回归分析发现,在研究的温度和浓度范围内,浓缩蓝莓汁表现为牛顿型流体,温度对粘度的影响可用阿雷尼乌斯(Arrhenius)方程来表示,浓度对粘度的影响可用指数方程来表示。推导出了温度和浓度对浓缩蓝莓汁粘度综合影响的方程式并比较了浓缩前后蓝莓汁化学组成的变化。     

铁矿石粉循环流化床煤基直接还原的实验研究

在小型循环流化床中对铁矿石粉在氮气气氛下用大同煤粉直接还原进行了实验研究,在800~950℃考察了反应温度对铁矿石粉的还原程度及还原产物微观结构的影响. 结果表明,随反应温度提高,铁矿石粉还原产物的金属化率及还原度均增加,800~850℃时增幅较大,850~900℃时增幅平缓,900~950℃时又出现较大增幅,950℃时达到63%的金属化率和87%的还原度;与还原前的铁矿石粉相比,还原产物的比表面积和总孔体积在800℃时均增加,而在其他温度时均减小,对应的平均孔径变化规律则相反.     

油田管材的SRB腐蚀

通过浸泡挂片试验,用扫描电镜和X衍射仪,对试样的腐蚀特征和腐蚀产物进行研究,发现脱硫脱硫弧菌duselfovibrio desulfuricans(D.desulf)对油田管材的腐蚀特征为点蚀,腐蚀产物为Fe9S8,同时通过电化学实验,研究了D.desulf的去极化作用,发现D.desulf的存在既有阳极去极化作用,又有阴极去极化作用。在对D．desulf的生长特性研究中,发现D.desulf的生长存在着对数生长期、生长旺盛期和衰亡期。     

浅谈核安全文化体系的建立与完善

通过对核电设备制造企业核安全文化存在问题的探讨,提出核安全文化体系建立的设想,并提出推动核安全文化体系完善的一些建议。     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Deformation of Initial Shell in Soft Contact Continuous Casting Mold Under High Frequency Electromagnetic Field

  Heat transfer and deformation of initial solidification shell in soft contact continuous casting mold under high frequency electromagnetic field were analyzed using numerical simulation method; the relative electromagnetic parameters were obtained from the previous studies. Owing to the induction heating of a high frequency electromagnetic field (20 kHz), the thickness of initial solidification shell decreases, and the temperature of strand surface and slit copper mold increases when compared with the case without the electromagnetic filed. The viscosity of flux decreases because of the induction heating of the high frequency electromagnetic field, and the dimension of the flux channel increases with electromagnetic pressure; thus, the deformation behavior of initial solidification shell was different before and after the action of high frequency electromagnetic field. Furthermore, the abatement mechanism of oscillation marks under high frequency electromagnetic field was explained.     

镜头分割在H.264视频压缩编码及视频服务器中的应用

将镜头分割引入H.264编码端,改善其定比率分配帧类型策略,以针对视频内容特性提高编码效果,并提供压缩流的镜头句柄.提出结合时空切片的信息熵度量帧差、以动态阈值探测镜头边界指定为I帧,非边界帧为P或B帧优化编码,并补充闪光灯防误判算法.经验证动态阈值和熵度量法查全查准率比基本方法提高近18%和13%;结合编码psnr提高10%压缩率提高20%.镜头分割准确,有效提高编码性能,对压缩域视频分割和视频服务器也将产生重大意义.     

The role of smart packaging system in food supply chain

Food supply chain is a rapidly growing integrated sector and covers all the aspects from farm to fork, including manufacturing, packaging, distribution, storing, as well as further processing or cooking for consumption. Along this chain, smart packaging could impact the quality, safety, and sustainability of food. Packaging systems have evolved to be smarter with integration of emerging electronics and wireless communication and cloud data solutions. Although there are many factors causing the loss and waste issues for foods throughout the whole supply chain of food and there have been several articles showing the recent advances and breakthroughs in developing smart packaging systems, this review integrates these conceptual frameworks and technological applications and focuses on how innovative smart packaging solutions are beneficial to the overall quality and safety of food supply by enhancing product traceability and reducing the amount of food loss and waste. We start by introducing the concept of the management for the integrated food supply chain, which is critical in tactical and operational components that can enhance product traceability within the entire chain. Then we highlight the impact of smart packaging in reducing food loss and waste. We summarize the basic information of the common printing techniques for smart packaging system (sensor and indicator). Then, we discuss the potential challenges in the manufacturing and deployment of smart packaging systems, as well as their cost-related drawbacks and further steps in food supply chain.     

Assessment of extreme and metocean conditions in the Maldives for OTEC applications

The Maldives is a group of tropical atolls, considered globally to be one of the most desirable holiday destinations. There is an urgent requirement to decrease their dependency on fossil fuels that are currently the main source of energy, and a number of renewable energy alternatives are being evaluated. Among these, due to the favorable oceanographic and bathymetric conditions, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems represent a viable opportunity for clean and reliable power. However, the stresses the OTEC platform will need to endure during adverse environmental conditions are not well defined. The magnitude of these stresses will then have a direct influence on the design of the OTEC device. In order to overcome this uncertainty, this paper uses hindcast data sets from global weather and ocean models to assess the metocean conditions of the Maldives, with particular reference to extreme conditions. After selecting a suitable location for the deployment of the devices, return values calculated using the peaks‐over‐threshold (POT) methodology are estimated for wind, waves, and currents. The 100‐year return value for the significant wave height is found to be 4.5 m, with a joint occurrence of energy periods between 7.5 and 8.5 seconds, whereas the 100‐year return wind has a velocity of 17.8 m/s and the 100‐year return current of 1.9 m/s. The directionality of these extreme events is also considered, showing the southern and western sub‐quadrants as the prevailing sources, which provides essential information for positioning of the platform. Additional evaluations of tropical revolving storms (TRS) and variations in temperature and salinity patterns are also provided over a 1500‐m water column; temperature varies by approximately 24°C, and salinity by around 2 ppt, showing the suitability of OTEC platforms in the Maldives. This work is therefore of interest to offshore renewable energy stakeholders interested in developing a project in the Maldives or those conducting an analogous analysis in other locations.     

Peer reviewed: tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants

Control strategies for these contaminants will require a better understanding of how they move around the globe.