Terahertz Conductivity of Overdoped Y1−x Ca x B2Cu3O7−δ

In the current work we have investigated the terahertz response of Ca overdoped YBaCuO thin films using both time and frequency domain spectroscopy methods. For both methods a basic data analysis was performed using the two fluid and a variable dielectric function (VDF) models. The imaginary part of the conductivity was proportional to 1/ω, known from the delta-function response. The real part of conductivity showed a well known frequency and temperature dependence, where it increases below T _c and obtains maxima at about 50 K. However, a sharp decrease of the real part of the conductivity was observed at about 10 cm^?1. This decrease occurs below T _c and becomes dominant as temperature decreases. It was observed on the 5% and 10% Ca doped samples but it was more dominant on the 10% case. Moreover, this sharp decrease in σ ₂(ω)at 10 cm^?1 was not observed in optimally doped YBCO samples. We would like to stress at this point that these values are much smaller than those obtained by Microwave and Tunneling measurements, arguing for the existence of a complex order parameter in the overdoped regime with an imaginary component of about 1.8 meV.     

The role of motivation in verbal learning and performance.

"It is the major thesis of the present paper that the question as to whether a given variable acts as a motive or reflects a motivational state can be answered only in the context of explicit assumptions concerning the particular ways in which motivational variables can be differentiated from other variables in their influence on behavior. In view of the current confusions between the concepts of motivation and habit, it would appear to be particularly desirable to distinguish between the associative and nonassociative properties of variables." 57 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)