斯坎德培广场

斯坎德培广场的更新项目是比利时51N4E工作室在2008年国际建筑竞赛中的获奖方案。竞赛的提案由组委会与阿尔巴尼亚艺术家安里·萨拉共同提出,期望通过以一种简单而彻底的方式重新建设地拉那州的中央广场-一个开阔的前共产主义空间。在复杂而密集的城市基底中,该广场既是阿尔巴尼亚首都的核心区域,也是整个国家的象征,因此,方案设计了宽敞的步行区域。这个广场在喧嚣热闹的城市中显得有些空旷,外围一系列新建的及原有的公共空间和花园,形成了密集的种植带,环绕着中央平坦的金字塔状的空间。绿化带如同建筑的前厅,实现了拥挤的城市区域与广场之间的协调的衔接与过渡。广场中宽阔而低矮的金字塔状空间中和了共产主义纪念碑那沉重的空间感受:当站在金字塔的顶端时,人们发现自己可以与过去的权威建筑比肩。一种全新的审视视角突然得以开辟,使人们能够对这些定义了阿尔巴尼亚的过去的建筑群有所思考,并将其看作一段可以继续发展的历史。     

黑芝麻黑色素的研究进展

近年来国内外有关黑芝麻黑色素的提取方法、理化性质、化学结构及功能作用等方面的研究进行了概述,并对其今后的研究方向和应用等方面进行了展望.     

Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: case-control studies in Denmark

To explore prenatal risk factors that are common to testicular cancer and cryptorchidism, two parallel case-control studies were conducted in Denmark. Information about characteristics of the mother, the pregnancy, and the birth were obtained from the mothers of cases and controls, using a mailed self-administered questionnaire. A maternal age above 30 years was associated with odds ratios (OR) of 1.9 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-3.0) for cryptorchidism and 2.0 (CI = 1.2-3.6) for testicular seminoma; the latter effect was particularly high when the boy was the first child of the mother (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.1-14.6). Birthweights below 3,000 g or above 4,000 g were associated with increased risks of testicular cancer, with ORs up to 2.6 (CI = 1.1-5.9) for birthweight below 2,500 g. For cryptorchidism, there was a monotonous trend in the OR from 0.4 in birthweights above 4,500 g to 2.3 in birthweights below 2,500 g. The association between cryptorchidism and testicular cancer was not attenuated by adjustment for maternal age and birthweight, indicating that all three variables are independent risk factors for testicular cancer. With the exception of high maternal age, which consistently is associated more strongly with seminoma than with non-seminoma, it remains most likely that seminoma and non-seminoma have similar causes.     

Pulmonary alveolar septal amyloidosis. A scanning- and transmission electron microscopy study

A case of primary amyloidosis is presented with diffusely involved the alveolar septa. The lung was studied by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The fine structure of the amyloid material showed it to be porous, homogeneous, and an acellular substance consisting of interwoven bundles of amyloid fibrils. The fine structure of the amyloid material was considered to explain the normal gas diffusion across the alveolar respiratory membrane. The diagnosis of amyloidosis was first made from a uterine cervical biopsy specimen.