Photoelectric properties of MISM phthalocyanine structure

Langmuir-Blodgett films have been prepared from copper tetra-4-t-butylphthalocyanine. A voltage dependence of capacitance can be attributed to the presence of a Schottky depletion layer. The barrier potential was determined as l·4eV, and the carrier concentration about 10²⁴m^?3     

Evaluation of fecal technics for the diagnosis of cat liver fluke infection

The comparative efficiency of 5 standard technics for the detection of feline liver fluke ova in feces was evaluated. The formalin-ether technic proved superior to direct smear, sugar flotation, zinc sulfate flotation, or detergent sedimentation technics. The formalin-ether technic correctly diagnosed all Platynosomum concinnum-infected cats studied, as confirmed by necropsy findings.     

The species specificity of fish and mammalian gonadotropic hormones

Protein spectra of the hypophyses of fishes from various taxonomic groups obtained by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel exhibit high species specificity. By means of biological testing on the loach Misgurnus fossilis, zones of gonadotropic activity were obtained which differ in various species by the electrophoretic mobility. The mammalian gonadotropins obtained reveal lower electrophoretic mobility. The gonadotropins investigated significantly differ in their biological effect.     

Accessory artificial circulation in complex treatment of experimental acute toxic pulmonary edema

In experiments on 50 dogs with toxic acute edema of the lung, induced with intravenous injection of 0.1% silver nitrate, the authors have studied the efficacy of accessory artificial circulation and "conservative" therapy. During the perfusion a discharge of the right portions, adequate extracorporeal gas metabolism, normalization of blood gas and acid-base balance were noted; an intensity of pulmonary edema is descreased. An intensive therapy for pulmonary edema was found to be more effective in association of "conservative" treatment with venoarterial perfusion and blood oxygenation.     

Malignant tumors of the pleura in the post-pneumothoracic cavities

The single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was determined in superficial (S) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons of 10 anesthetized rabbits by the 14C ferrocyanide infusion technique. The length of the proximal tubules and the volume of the glomeruli were also determined for the same nephrons. SNGFR was higher in JM than in S: 28.6 +/- 3.4 versus 22.6 +/- 3.0 nl/min, P less than 0.001. In JM nephrons, glomeruli were larger than in S: 1.3 +/- 0.1 versus 0.9 +/- 0.1 nl, P less than 0.001, whereas there was no difference between proximal tubule length in either category (s, 8.7 +/- 0.3 and JM, 8.9 +/- 0.5 mm). In 6 out of 8 animals, SNGFR was significantly correlated to glomerular volume. Lack of correlation was observed between SNGFR and length of proximal tubule in all animals but one. These results show that the rabbit, as well as small rodents and the dog, has a higher SNGFR in juxtamedullary than superficial glomeruli. Although this functional difference is not related to the length of the proximal tubule in each individual animal, the ratio between the mean SNGFR value and the mean length of the proximal tubule in superficial rabbit nephrons is similar to the ratio found in other species.     

Prediction of traditionally utilised wheat dough technological quality parameters from Mixolab values: development and evaluation of regression models

The research was conducted with the aim to investigate the possibility of Farinograph, Extensograph and Amylograph values prediction with linear and/or multiple Mixolab regression models. In total, 163 flour samples were divided based on Machalanobis distances into three sets: prediction, validation and external sample set. Determination coefficients ranged from 0.145 to 0.640 for linear regression models and from 0.279 to 0.739 for multiple regression models. Internal and external validation of developed regression models was conducted. Testing of developed models resulted in a high share of samples for which predicted values were out of the ranges of method official reproducibility and a high share of samples for which predicted values were out of the quality level range obtained by analytical measurement. It was concluded that it is impossible to develop applicable regression models for prediction of Farinograph, Extensograph and Amylograph parameters on the basis of Mixolab values from standard protocol.     

Rheological and Breadmaking Properties of Wheat Flours Supplemented with Octenyl Succinic Anhydride-Modified Waxy Maize Starches

The feasibility of emulsifying starches as bread improvers was investigated by incorporating starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA-st), pre-gelatinized OSA-st and hydrolysed spray-dried OSA-st at 2.5, 5 and 10 % into wheat flour. Dough rheological properties (creep and recovery measurements; Mixolab, Alveograph) and bread quality parameters (specific loaf volume, crust and crumb colour, crumb moisture, crumb grain features, texture) were evaluated. The substituted flours, except hydrolysed OSA-st, significantly increased water absorption measured by Mixolab. The study on the rheological behaviour of doughs containing emulsifying starches, performed using a rheometer and an Alveograph, showed that OSA-st incorporation yielded strengthened dough, whereas pre-gelatinized and hydrolysed OSA-st addition led to more extensible dough. With regard to the thermal behaviour, investigated in water-limited systems by Mixolab, doughs prepared from pre-gelatinized OSA-st and hydrolysed OSA-st exhibited lower maximum peak torque, whilst all three examined starches increased cooking stability and decreased the setback value. Specific volumes of loaves baked from the substituted flours increased, and the highest effect was observed with pre-gelatinized OSA-st, which consequently produced bread crumbs with the largest mean gas cell area. The bread crumbs baked with octenyl succinate starches were whiter and softer. Although upon 1 day of storage no significant moisture retention capacity of emulsifying starches was noticed, the firmness values of OSA-st and pre-gelatinized OSA-st-supplemented bread crumbs, after 24 h of storage, were similar to or significantly lower than those of the control determined 2 h after baking. The obtained results indicate a requirement for further optimization of the octenyl succinate starch-supplemented doughs in terms of the combination of different types and levels of modified starches in order to obtain maximum bread quality.     

The potentiometric behaviour of copolymers of methacrylic acid in water-ethanol solutions

Summary The synthesis is reported of copolymers of styrene with methacrylic acid and of methyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid by radical copolymerization, of copolymers of methyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid by partial alkaline hydrolysis of poly(methyl methacrylate), and of block copolymers of styrene with methacrylic acid. Modified titration curves of all these copolymers were recorded in water and water-ethanol solutions. In a solution containing 50 mass.% ethanol, only small differences could be observed between the potentiometric behaviour of the individual copolymers and polymethacrylic acid. Also, there were no essential differences in any of the solvents used between the potentiometric behaviour of block copolymers of styrene with methacrylic acid, on the one hand, and polymethacrylic acid, on the other. On the contrary, maxima and minima were always observed on the modified titration curves of statistical copolymers with a higher content of the hydrophobic comonomer in solutions with a high water content. Thus, using the modified titration curves, it is possible to decide whether a given copolymer is of the block or statistical type.     

Stability of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) in aqueous formate solutions

The behavior of Pu(VI), Pu(V), and Pu(IV) in K(Li,Na)HCO₂ and HCOOH + Li(Na)HCO₂ solutions was studied by spectrophotometry. Changes in the spectra of a Pu(VI) solution, observed on adding alkali metal formates, suggest formation of Pu(VI) formate complexes. Changes in the absorption spectra of Pu(V), observed with an increase in the concentration of LiHCO₂ or NaHCO₂, suggest the appearance of Pu(V) formate complexes. The absorption spectra of Pu(IV) indicate that, in a wide range of formate concentrations, the composition of the Pu(IV) formate complexes under the examined conditions is constant. The Pu(VI) content in formate solutions decreases at a rate exceeding the rate of the Pu(VI) disappearance in 0.5–2 M HClO₄ under the action of the ²³⁹Pu α-radiation. The tendency of Pu(V) to reduction and disproportionation in formate solutions depends in a complex fashion on the formate ion concentration and kind of the alkali metal. The kinetics of the Pu(V) consumption in HCOOH + Li(Na)HCO₂ solutions was studied. The reaction starts with the formation of a Pu(V) formate complex, which interacts with Pu(V) aqua ions and Pu(V) formate complex to form dimers, with their subsequent protonation and transformation into Pu(VI) and Pu(IV).