Growth and characterization of high yield, reliable, high-power,high-speed, InP/InGaAsP capped mesa buried heterostructure distributedfeedback (CMBH-DFB) lasers

The capped-mesa buried-heterostructure distributed-feedback (CMBH-DFB) laser structure requires three epitaxial growths and is designed to allow good control of the width of the active layer using straightforward chemical etching techniques. The base structure, which contains the active layer, was fabricated using a variety of epitaxial techniques: liquid-phase epitaxy, hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE) and metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The final cap growth was done using hydride VPE. High yields of low-threshold high-power DFB lasers were produced from a number of wafers at emission wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm     

Stages of acquisition and cessation for adolescent smoking: an empirical integration

Adolescent cigarette smoking acquisition and cessation were integrated into a single nine-stages-of-change continuum using the transtheoretical model of change framework. Findings in a high school student sample (n > 700) showed that a few of the never smokers were planning to try smoking, and half of the current smokers were contemplating quitting. More than half of former smokers were long-term quitters. The high pros of smoking scores assessing coping benefits of cigarettes were related to smoking acquisition and the high con (disadvantages) scores to long-term abstinence. Never smokers were most tempted to try smoking when they anticipated that smoking would help reduce negative and increase positive mood. Current and former smokers were tempted due to peer cigarette offers and negative mood. These temptations were significantly reduced among ex-smokers.     

Carotenoid Pigments in Seafoods and Aquaculture

Color plays a major role in the overall acceptability of food products. It is considered one of man's basic experiences that a particular foodstuff has to be of a distinct color in order to be edible. The color of a seafood is the first characteristic noted by the consumer and is directly related to the subsequent acceptance or rejection of it. Carotenoids contribute to the yellow, orange, and red colors of the skin, shell, or exoskeleton of aquatic animals. Indeed, they are the most widespread pigments found in nature, as they occur in bacteria, yeasts, mold, all green plants, and many animals, and therefore various functions have been attributed to them. From anthropocentric consideration, the most significant aspect of carotenoids is the color they impart to our food and environment. In animals, the carotenoids are also associated with reproductive organs and hence the hatching success and survival of alevins.