MICROFILTRATION of CHICKEN PROCESS WATERS FOR REUSE: PLANT STUDIES and PROJECTED OPERATING COSTS1

Commercial scale ceramic microfilters were used in plant tests to determine flux rate and operating parameters for waters from a poultry scalder, a poultry chiller, and brine from a delicatessen products chiller, under commercial conditions. Filtration produced clear permeate from all waters. Microorganism counts were essentially reduced to zero in scalder and chiller water permeates, with BOD reduced by about 70% in scalder water permeate and about 60% in chiller water permeate. Flux rates were in the range of 224-204 L/m²h for scalder water at 54°C and 114-81 L/m²h for chiller water at ambient temperature. Test results were used to project nonlabor operating savings and/or costs resulting from the use of microfiltration to recondition and reuse bath overflow. For a processing rate of 140 birds/min and bath size of 37,850 L (10,000 gal), an annual savings of $21,000-$26,000 were estimated for scalder water filtration, while annual costs of $65,000-$84,000 were estimated for chiller water filtration. For a deli brine bath size of 1,170 L (300 gal), annual costs of about $700 were estimated. Retentate heating and electrical usage associated with centrifugal filter pumps were projected as predominant cost factors. Besides costs, other factors such as nonchemical control of microbial growth, water savings, and reduced discharge levels may also be important reasons for considering microfiltration.     

Molecular cloning of the murine IL-1 beta converting enzyme cDNA

IL-1 beta is a potent modulator of immune and inflammatory responses. Murine IL-1 beta is initially synthesized as an inactive 33-kDa pro-molecule that is activated by proteolytic cleavage between Asp-117 and Val-118 to generate the 17-kDa mature IL-1 beta protein. This cleavage is catalyzed by a specific protease that has been designated the IL-1 beta converting enzyme (or IL-1 beta convertase). We have used a human IL-1 beta convertase cDNA to isolate murine convertase cDNA from a WEHI-3 library. These cDNA predicted that the murine convertase is a 402-residue protein. Overall, the murine convertase showed 71% nucleotide and 62% predicted amino acid sequence identity with the human convertase. Southern blot analysis of interspecific backcross mice indicated that the murine IL-1 beta convertase is encoded by a single copy gene located on murine chromosome 9. The murine convertase showed broad constitutive expression, being detected in mononuclear phagocyte and T lymphocyte cell lines as well as in spleen, heart, brain, and adrenal glands. The expression of the murine convertase in mononuclear phagocytes was up-regulated by treatment with LPS or rIFN-gamma. These studies establish that the IL-1 beta convertase is an evolutionarily conserved, widely expressed enzyme that can be regulated at a pretranslational level.     

NUMERICAL STUDY FOR EVOLUTION OF COHERENT VORTEX IN UNIDIRECTIONAL OSCILLATORY BOUNDARY LAYER OVER SAND RIPPLES

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｈｅａｒｆｌｏｗｓｐａｓｔｗａｖｙ ｌｉｋｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｉｅｓｈａｖｅａｔ ｔｒａｃｔｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｒｏｌｅｔｈｅｙ ｐｌａｙｉｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌｉｎ ｔｒｉｇｕｉｎｇ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｉｎｄｗａｖｅｓｏｎｗａｔｅｒ ,ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａ ｒｙｒｉｐｐｌｅｓａｎｄｄｕｎｅｓｉｎｄｅｓｅｒｔｓａｎｄｒｉ…     

温压补偿在CS3000中的应用

结合横河CS3000系统的使用情况,介绍了CS3000系统利用压力和温度检测点实现温度压力补偿功能,CS3000系统组态过程及功能块的运用等。     

淡盐水脱氯的精细化控制

阐述了游离氯产生的原因及脱氯方法。介绍了新疆中泰化学(集团)股份有限公司华泰分公司通过对脱氯淡盐水pH值进行精细化控制,达到了降低成本、节能降耗的目的。     

高能耗企业生产与能耗耦合建模软件的设计与开发

针对高能耗企业生产能耗耦合建模的问题和能源流、物料流、控制流和排放流,四流合一的模型设计理念,设计开发了企业生产与能耗耦合建模软件.依据工厂实际调研需求和面向对象的分层模块化设计方法,首先给出了软件的总体设计框架,然后详细介绍企业生产与能耗耦合建模软件的各个功能模块开发关键技术.     

我国电子及通讯装备制造业国际竞争力评价

以波特的钻石模型为基础,借鉴国内外创新理论的相关研究成果,从成本要素、创新要素、同业竞争、相关支持产业、市场需求、政府相关政策及机会等方面,对我国电子及通讯装备制造业国际竞争力进行评价。研究结论认为：虽然中国电信设备和技术领域中已经出现具有较强的国际竞争力的龙头企业,但产业链发展不均衡将制约行业的整体发展。目前我国通讯制造企业在技术方面仍然处于跟随地位。由于中国整体劳动力成本的不断上升,以及在通讯基础专利技术占有较少的情况难以在短时期内改变,使得中国通讯产业的国际竞争优势面临挑战。     

FANUC-0i MC数控系统在VMCL600上的应用

分析了数控系统FANUC-0iMC在VMCL600上的应用。首先介绍了数控铣床控制系统的总体结构,然后针对主轴驱动单元、进给驱动单元及CNC单元进行了具体的分析,最后给出了各模块之间相互连接的电缆图,直观的表现出各模块之间的相互关联。     

无荷载状况下泡沫混凝土裂缝控制的研究

研究了水胶比、粉煤灰、PP纤维和高性能膨胀剂对无荷载状况下泡沫混凝土力学性能、收缩性能的影响.结果表明,泡沫混凝土在水化中后期表现为收缩的特征;在水胶比为0.3～0.5时,水胶比越大,最终泡沫混凝土的收缩越小,当水胶比大于0.5或小于0.2时,28 d收缩量都减小.乱向分布的纤维可以略微减小泡沫混凝土的收缩;一定掺量的膨胀剂可以有效地补偿泡沫混凝土变形收缩,在水化早期实现泡沫混凝土无收缩.