Updated Correlation Between Aircraft Smoke Number and Black Carbon Concentration

Aircraft emissions of black carbon (BC) contribute to anthropogenic climate forcing and degrade air quality. The smoke number (SN) is the current regulatory measure of aircraft particulate matter emissions and quantifies exhaust plume visibility. Several correlations between SN and the exhaust mass concentration of BC (C _BC) have been developed, based on measurements relevant to older aircraft engines. These form the basis of the current standard method used to estimate aircraft BC emissions (First Order Approximation version 3 [FOA3]) for the purposes of environmental impact analyses. In this study, BC with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 20, 30, and 60 nm and filter diameters of 19 and 35 mm are used to investigate the effect of particle size and sampling variability on SN measurements. For BC with 20 and 30 nm GMD, corresponding to BC emitted by modern aircraft engines, a smaller SN results from a given C _BC than is the case for BC with 60 nm GMD, which is more typical of older engines. An updated correlation between C _BC and SN that accounts for typical size of BC emitted by modern aircraft is proposed. An uncertainty of ±25% accounts for variation in GMD in the range 20–30 nm and for the range of filter diameters. The SN–C _BC correlation currently used in FOA3 underestimates by a factor of 2.5–3 for SN ≤15, implying that current estimates of aircraft BC emissions derived from SN are underestimated by the same factor.

Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research     

增粘剂对天然橡胶硫化特性及力学性能的影响

研究了增粘剂盐酸联胺和硫酸联胺对天然橡胶（NR）硫化特性及在热氧（热空气）、臭氧、光氧（紫外光）老化前后力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着盐酸联胺和硫酸联胺用量的增加,最大转矩（MH）和转矩差Δ（MH-ML）降低,焦烧时间（ts2）和正硫化时间（t90）延长,硫化速率（Vc）降低;热氧、臭氧、光氧老化前后定伸应力有所降低,热氧老化前的拉伸强度降低,老化后的拉伸强度增加,臭氧和光氧老化后的拉伸强度降低,拉断伸长率上升。     

含蜡原油管道的结蜡规律研究

原油输送中的析蜡问题是影响管道安全运行和管理的重要因素之一。介绍了管壁结蜡影响因素,通过试验,探讨了原油输送温度和管壁温差对管壁蜡沉积速率的影响,得出了输油温度和温差与结蜡层厚度之间的关系,对于预测结蜡规律有一定的参考作用。     

S-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲基烷基黄原酸酯的合成及其摩擦学性能初步研究

合成了2个新型S-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲基烷基黄原酸酯无灰无磷环境友好型润滑油添加剂烷基黄原酸基亚甲基苯并咪唑衍生物;利用1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、UV、MS和元素分析对其结构进行了表征;利用热重实验和油溶性实验考察了其热稳定性及其在有机溶剂中的溶解性;利用四球摩擦磨损实验机考察了合成的添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦学性能。结果表明,制备的添加剂可有效地提高液体石蜡的承载力。     

数码提花织物的组合全显色结构设计

由于分层组合设计模式下提花织物的结构特征和结构设计方法是数码提花织物产品创新设计的关键,为此介绍一种提花织物特有的组合织物结构设计方法。其设计原理是先在基本组织上设置全显色技术点,再进行全息组织设计,这样通过组合2个不同组织库中的组织,设计所得的组合织物结构具有不遮盖全显色的特点。该方法可用于设计各种组织循环的全息组织和建立相应的组织库,设计的数码提花织物结构稳定,可以表现细腻的彩色影光效果,另外,织物中并列排列的纱线数为偶数。     

聚氯乙烯生产中关键工序的危险因素分析和控制措施

总结了氯乙烯合成与聚合工序的生产装置和工艺过程中的危险因素及安全控制措施。     

有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂性能研究

通过丙烯酸树脂与有机硅中间体接枝反应,制备了耐化学性好、附着力强、耐候性优异、透水气性好的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂,研究了配方和工艺对其性能的影响、     

Preparation of trehalose and sorbitol fatty acid polyesters by interesterification

Trehalose octaoleate and sorbitol hexaoleate were prepared by a one-stage solvent-free interesterification of methyl oleate with trehalose octaacetate (TOAC) and sorbitol hexaacetate (SOHA), respectively, in the presence of 1–2.5% sodium metal as catalyst. The greatest yield of trehalose octaoleate, 97.5%, and sorbitol hexaoleate, 96.0%, were obtained at a mole ratio of methyl oleate: SOHA of 6:1 and methyl oleate:TOAC of 8:1 at a synthesis time of 2.5 hr, and temperatures of 105–115°C. The structure of both trehalose octaoleate and sorbitol hexaoleate was confirmed by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) spectroscopy. Physical properties such as viscosity, HLB, solubility, color, refractive index, specific gravity and density approximated the physical properties of sucrose polyesters (SPE) and vegetable oils. Trehalose octaoleate and sorbitol hexaoleate, as well as sucrose octaoleate, were not susceptible toin vitro lipolysis, suggesting potential application as low calorie oils. Presented at American Oil Chemists’ Society Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in May, 1987.     

环氧丙烯酸树脂的合成及其改性

采用丙烯酸(AA)对环氧树脂(EP)进行光活性改性制备环氧丙烯酸树脂(EA),通过单因素试验法优选出制备EA的最佳反应条件。结果表明:制备EA的最佳反应条件是以N′N-二甲基苯胺为催化剂,w(催化剂)=2.5%(相对于反应物总质量而言);以对苯二酚为阻聚剂,w(阻聚剂)=0.1%(相对于反应物总质量而言);反应温度为90℃,反应时间为2.0～3.5h。当w(引发剂)=1.0%时,EA的固化性能较好。采用多元醇先对EP进行改性,然后再进行光活性改性,可明显降低产物的黏度。