A folded plate method of analysis for profiled steel sheeting in composite floor construction

Composite flooring systems incorporating cold formed profiled steel sheeting as both permanent formwork and tensile reinforcement are becoming widely adopted for high rise buildings. Research has shown that the performance of the sheeting alone in supporting the weight of wet concrete during construction frequently governs the design. This paper concentrates upon this aspect of the behaviour and describes the application of the elasticity method, derived from folded plate analysis. The method allows the important deformations due to ponding and transverse bending to be taken into account accurately; such deformations are treated empirically, or ignored, in current design codes. Comparisons with the summarised results of many tests establish the accuracy of the folded plate method and indicate the limitations of the codes. Folded plate analysis is also used to illustrate several aspects of behaviour, particularly the possible movements at the lapped joints between adjacent sheets.     

The effect of boiling water on disinfection by-product exposure

Chloraminated and chlorinated waters containing bromide were used to determine the impact of boiling on disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations. No significant changes were detected in the concentrations of the dihalogenated haloacetic acids (DXAAs) (i.e., dichloro-, bromochloro-, dibromoacetic acid) upon boiling of chloraminated water, whereas the levels of the trihalogenated haloacetic acids (TXAAs) (i.e., trichloro- (TCAA), bromodichloro- (BDCAA), dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA)) decreased over time (e.g., 9-37% for TCAA). Increased DXAA concentrations (58-68%) were detected in the boiled chlorinated sample, which likely resulted from residual chlorine reacting with DXAA precursors. TCAA concentration was unchanged after boiling chlorinated water for 1 min, but a 30% reduction was observed after 5 min of boiling. BDCAA concentrations decreased 57% upon boiling for 1 min and were completely removed after 2 min of boiling, whereas DBCAA was removed after boiling chlorinated water for 1 min. Trihalomethane concentrations were reduced in both chloraminated (74-98%) and chlorinated (64-98%) water upon boiling. Boiling chloraminated water for 1 min reduced chloroform concentration by 75%. Chloroform was reduced by only 34% in chlorinated water after a 1 min boil, which indicates that simultaneous formation and volatilization of chloroform was occurring. Most of the remaining DBPs (e.g. haloketones, chloral hydrate, haloacetonitriles) were removed by at least 90% after 1 min of boiling in both samples. These data suggest that other mechanisms (e.g., hydrolysis) may have been responsible for removal of the non-volatile DBPs and further highlight the importance of examining individual species when estimating thermal effects on DBP concentrations.     

基于室外风环境与热舒适度的城市设计改进策略——以北京西单商业街为例

城市室外风热环境对于城市生活品质起着不容忽视的作用,对于城市室外公共空间,如商业街,行人层高度风环境与热舒适度的优劣对其商业价值有着直接的影响.选取北京西单商业街为案例进行研究,基于北京夏季炎热高温冬季寒冷风强的地域气候特征,结合其数次城市设计环境改造,通过数值模拟手段,对北京西单商业街冬夏两季室外开放空间行人层风环境与热舒适度进行综合评价,针对现存导致室外风热环境恶化的城市设计问题提出改进措施,并总结提升城市户外风热环境品质的普适性城市设计策略.结果可从户外舒适度的角度提供同类型商业街区的城市设计参考,从而创造宜居的城市户外环境与空间.     

自感式电磁阻尼器的研究

通过分析国内外转子振动控制技术,提出了自感式电磁阻尼器的转子横向振动主动控制的设计构思,并以前置滤波器的引入来实现系统功能,同时进行对模型的仿真研究,论证了自感式电磁阻尼器的可行性,具有结构简单,经济实用的特点。     

Advances in building energy simulation in the U.K. - The science and engineering research council's programme

This paper describes the recent developments in building energy simulation in the U.K., which have resulted from a government-funded research program in this area. It first considers the models themselves, the evolutionary process of their formation, the moves towards more flexible software structures and inclusion of plant modelling, alternative solution techniques, and the importance of documentation. Next, some related studies in areas of building physics where great uncertainties remain are outlined. The new perspectives on model validation are then considered, with possible alternative measures of model credibility to complement the normal, but often inconclusive, technical studies. Suggestions are made regarding ways in which users might deal with the uncertainty which is now seen as inevitable in modelling. Finally, some possible work for the future on the current generation of models is given, and for the longer term, the proposed Energy Kernel System is set in the context of current knowledge and concerns.     

灌浆技术在紫山灰坝迎灰坡裂缝处理中的应用

本文分析了紫山灰坝迎灰坡裂缝的成因，并介绍了充填式灌浆处理方法，效果良好。     

Solution Structure of the Leader Sequence of the Patellamide Precursor Peptide,PatE1–34

The solution structure of the leader sequence of the patellamide precursor peptide was analysed by using CD and determined with NOE‐restrained molecular dynamics calculations. This leader sequence is highly conserved in the precursor peptides of some other cyanobactins harbouring heterocycles, and is assumed to play a role in targeting the precursor peptide to the post‐translational machinery. The sequence was observed to form an α‐helix spanning residues 13–28 with a hydrophobic surface on one side of the helix. This hydrophobic surface is proposed to be the site of the initial binding with modifying enzymes.     

Impacts of environmental product legislation on solid oxide fuel cells

Ongoing development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology coincides with a rapid increase in legislation aiming to control the environmental impacts of products across their life cycle. A risk-based method is used to explore the potential future impacts of this body of legislation on the technology. Legislation controlling the use of hazardous materials is one area of significance. Under the new European REACH Regulation some nickel compounds, used widely throughout general industry but also in the fabrication of anode structures, may fall under the classification of a substance of very high concern (SVHC) in future, which presents a risk of restrictions being placed on their continued use. This risk must drive the development of alternative anode materials, or requires the SOFC industry to identify a socio-economic argument justifying exemption from any future restrictions. A legislative trend establishing recycling requirements for end-of-life products is also identified as having a potential future impact on the technology. Recycling strategies for SOFC products must be considered, prior to commercialisation. It is proposed that failure to meet these future environmental requirements may be detrimental to the perception of SOFC technology, the demand for which is substantially driven by the environmental benefits offered over incumbent power generation technologies. The consideration of these issues in the design of commercial products will mitigate this risk.     

Stigma and barriers to care in soldiers postcombat.

The present study examined the effects of leadership and unit cohesion on mental health stigma and perceived barriers to care. A sample of 680 soldiers from combat support units were surveyed 3 months after their return from combat operations in Iraq. The survey included scales on psychological symptoms and perceptions of leader behaviors and unit cohesion, as well as items assessing stigma and barriers to care. The sample was used to test the independent and interactive effects of leadership and unit cohesion on soldiers’ perceptions of stigma and barriers to care. Analyses yielded significant interaction effects between leadership and cohesion in predicting stigma and barriers to care, while controlling for the effects of mental health symptoms. Soldiers who rated their leaders more highly and who reported higher unit cohesion also reported lower scores on both stigma and perceived barriers to care. Thus, positive leadership and unit cohesion can reduce perceptions of stigma and barriers to care, even after accounting for the relationship between mental health symptoms and these outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)