从硬质合金典型材质发展看中国硬质合金工业的技术进步

中国是世界硬质合金的生产与消耗大国,中国硬质合金工业的技术现状令世人关注.本文从硬质合金典型材质与关键原料制备技术及其微观组织结构与性能特性等方面,展示了近年来中国硬质合金工业的主要技术进展.包括紫钨工艺制备的超细、纳米W粉与WC粉,紫钨工艺与WC-Co纳米复合粉工艺制备的超细晶硬质合金,超粗晶硬质合金以及原位激发自润...     

Seasonal variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the Lyme disease spirochaete, in a British woodland

The partition of free fatty acids (FFA) to egg-phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) and egg-phosphatidylethanolamine (egg-PE) vesicles was studied. Upon the addition of FFA to the suspension of vesicles, the pH of the aqueous phase changed depending on the length and saturation of the FFA hydrocarbon chain, as well as on the vesicle composition. The medium pH decreased faster if FFA was added to egg-PE as compared to egg-PC vesicles. The fluorescent free fatty acid indicator (ADIFAB) was used to measure the amount of FFA remaining in the aqueous phase. Most of the FFA added to the suspension of egg-PE vesicles remained in the aqueous phase, whereas in the presence of egg-PC vesicles the FFA partitioned preferentially into the lipid phase. The amount of FFA incorporated into the lipid bilayers was estimated by measuring the changes of pH at the lipid bilayer surface, using fluorescein-PE. At high surface concentrations of FFA, decreasing pH at the bilayer surface caused the protonation of FFA, and raised the pK of FFA at the bilayer surface from 5 to about 7. The partition of FFA in egg-PE vesicles was an order of magnitude lower than that in egg-PC vesicles. The incorporation amount was determined more by the molecular packing than by the nature of lipid headgroups, because steroylcaprioyl-PE, which preferred the bilayer structure, behaved more like egg-PC than egg-PE. Understanding FFA partition characteristics would help to interpret the hydrolysis measurements of phospholipids, and to explain many biological activities of FFA.     

机载航电系统通用ATS设计

文章从软硬件两方面讨论了机载航电系统通用ATS的设计方法.该系统以VXI总线模块、GPIB台式仪器硬件平台为依托,以ABBET标准软件结构为基础,采用格式化接口函数、仪器可互换和TPS可移植性技术,实现了机载航电系统ATS的标准化和通用化.     

无荷载状况下泡沫混凝土裂缝控制的研究

研究了水胶比、粉煤灰、PP纤维和高性能膨胀剂对无荷载状况下泡沫混凝土力学性能、收缩性能的影响.结果表明,泡沫混凝土在水化中后期表现为收缩的特征;在水胶比为0.3～0.5时,水胶比越大,最终泡沫混凝土的收缩越小,当水胶比大于0.5或小于0.2时,28 d收缩量都减小.乱向分布的纤维可以略微减小泡沫混凝土的收缩;一定掺量的膨胀剂可以有效地补偿泡沫混凝土变形收缩,在水化早期实现泡沫混凝土无收缩.     

利用废弃混凝土制备半干压成型砖的研究

利用废弃混凝土制备了半干压成型砖,研究了养护制度和碱激活对半干压成型砖性能的影响.结果表明,随着养护温度的提高,半干压成型砖的强度逐渐增大;养护温度越高,半干压成型砖的最大强度也越高,达到最高强度所需的时间越短;当养护时间达到一临界值后,强度不再增长.碱激发可提高半干压成型砖的早期强度,但对半干压成型砖的后期强度没有影响.制备的半干压成型砖抗压强度和抗冻性等指标能够满足相关标准的要求,表明利用废弃混凝土制备半干压成型砖是可行的.     

Structural basis for heterogeneous kinetics: reengineering the hairpin ribozyme

The RNA cleavage reaction catalyzed by the hairpin ribozyme shows biphasic kinetics, and chase experiments show that the slow phase of the reaction results from reversible substrate binding to an inactive conformational isomer. To investigate the structural basis for the heterogeneous kinetics, we have developed an enzymatic RNA modification method that selectively traps substrate bound to the inactive conformer and allows the two forms of the ribozyme-substrate complex to be separated and analyzed by using both physical and kinetic strategies. The inactive form of the complex was trapped by the addition of T4 RNA ligase to a cleavage reaction, resulting in covalent linkage of the 5' end of the substrate to the 3' end of the ribozyme and in selective and quantitative ablation of the slow kinetic phase of the reaction. This result indicates that the inactive form of the ribozyme-substrate complex can adopt a conformation in which helices 2 and 3 are coaxially stacked, whereas the active form does not have access to this conformation, because of a sharp bend at the helical junction that presumably is stabilized by inter-domain tertiary contacts required for catalytic activity. These results were used to improve the activity of the hairpin ribozyme by designing new interfaces between the two domains, one containing a non-nucleotidic orthobenzene linkage and the other replacing the two-way junction with a three-way junction. Each of these modified ribozymes preferentially adopts the active conformation and displays improved catalytic efficiency.     

Inactivation of mycobacteriophage D29 using ferrous ammonium sulphate as a tool for the detection of viable Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis

There is still an urgent requirement for more sensitive, cost-effective methods for detection and susceptibility testing of mycobacteria in clinical samples. We have been investigating a simple bacteriophage-based system which could be used for both purposes. As this depends upon the detection of phages which have successfully infected cells, a key step is the efficient removal or inactivation of phages remaining free in the culture medium. We demonstrate here the use of ferrous ammonium sulphate as an effective agent for the inactivation of mycobacteriophage D29 without impairing phage replication in previously infected host bacteria. Using this property, we report the detection of viable Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis using simple low-cost technology. The method is highly sensitive, since it is able to detect 10 colony-forming units of M. smegmatis. It is also rapid, with the detection of M. tuberculosis in sputum specimens within 48 h.     

Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice

OBJECTIVES: To assess the correlation of total prostatic size and prostate transition zone dimensions with various measurements of the severity of bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: Prostate-specific antigen, creatinine, American Urological Association symptom score, bother score, urinary history, uroflowmetry, and post-void residual urine volume determination was followed by measurement of the prostate gland and transition zone on transrectal ultrasound images in 136 men undergoing systematic prostate biopsies. Patients were divided into five groups based on past urinary tract treatment history and the presence of prostate cancer on the biopsies. The total prostate and transition zone dimensions, as well as calculated prostate and transition zone volumes, were compared by Pearson correlation with both the subjective and objective voiding parameters in each patient group. RESULTS: The transition zone dimensions correlated positively with American Urological Association symptom score, bother score, and post-void residual urine volume and correlated negatively with maximum and mean flow rates, particularly in patients with no history of prostate surgery, alpha-blocker administration, urinary infections, irritative voiding symptoms, or prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Transrectal ultrasound measurements of transition zone dimensions correlate better than total prostatic dimensions or calculated prostatic or transition zone volumes with the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Of these, the transverse transition zone dimension demonstrated the best correlation; however, this correlation is probably not adequate for clinical utility.