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171.
Neetu Rathore Asita Kulshreshtha Rajesh Kumar Shukla Darshan Sharma 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2022,19(3):1766-1778
Here, sol–gel derived Fe–TiO2 anatase nanoparticles with varying concentrations of Ti(1–x)FexO2 (x = 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%) were prepared. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of prepared samples were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show the formation of pure anatase phase. The mean crystallite size of Fe–TiO2 decreases with increase in the concentration of Fe. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of Ti–O vibrational band for all the samples. In Raman spectrum, peak broadening and red shifting linked with Eg ∼144 cm–1 divulge the Fe substitution at Ti sites into host lattice structure. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra verified nine peaks related to near band-edge emission and various defect states. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra represent redshift and reduction in the bandgap energy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations show that the size of the grains decreases with increase in Fe doping concentration. The study shows that Fe-doped TiO2 anatase phase nanoparticles are suitable for photocatalytic activity and solar cell applications. 相似文献
172.
In this paper we formulate, implement, and test a model for technology and product portfolio design for a multi-product multi-platform biorefining enterprise. The model considered is an MILP financial planning model with the objective of maximizing the stakeholder value. Integer variables are used to select appropriate feedstocks, technologies, and products, material and capacity balances are used to design capacity and set production targets, while cash balances are used to describe investment and operations financing. Stakeholder value is described as the shareholder value with monetized environmental implications in terms of emissions mitigation costs and credits. Process integration schemes utilizing emissions are considered to reduce the emissions load and add to the bottom-line. A preliminary process design and product portfolio is provided as a result. Advantages of process integration are quantified using a central utilities facility and effluent recycles. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine important parameters that shape the objective function. 相似文献
173.
Mekala BikshapathiAshish Sharma Ashutosh Sharma Nishith Verma 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2011,89(9):1737-1746
In this study, a hierarchal web of carbon micro and nanofibers was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a carbon molecular sieve (CMS). CMSs were prepared by thermal treatment of carbon fibers using a microwave heating device. The heating power and treatment time were optimized for the maximum performance of the prepared CMS for the separation of CO2 at low concentrations from the gaseous mixture of CO2 and air under dynamic (flow) conditions. Based on the experimental data, microwave power input of 240 W and treatment time of 15 min were found to be suitable for the maximum uptake of CO2 by CMS. Adsorption breakthrough curves were obtained at different gas flow rates and CO2 concentrations. CMSs prepared from the hierarchal web of carbon micro and nanofibers were found to be superior to those prepared from ACF. The CO2 uptake was determined to be approximately 0.88 mg/g and 10 mg/g at concentrations of 500 ppm and 5000 ppm, respectively, in air. 相似文献
174.
Ligand‐conjugated delivery vectors that target over‐expressed cell surface receptors have a potential impact on gene therapy. In the study reported, high‐molecular‐weight chitosan was depolymerized to medium and low molecular weight and trimethylated to render the polymer soluble over a wider pH range. Folate conjugation was introduced to the quarternized derivative to improve gene transfection efficiency. Complexes of the folic acid‐conjugated trimethylated depolymerized chitosan (FTMC) with plasmid DNA (pDNA) formed core–shell nanostructured particles. Gel electrophoretic band retardation showed efficient condensation of DNA. These derivatives and their complexes with pDNA were tested for toxicity and haemocompatibility and were found to be significantly less toxic and haemocompatible than polyethyleneimine. Transfection efficiency and nuclear uptake properties were tested in the human KB oral epidermoid cell line, which over‐expresses the folate receptor in the presence of 10% serum. Among the four FTMC derivatives investigated, folic acid‐conjugated chitosan having low molecular weight and medium folate conjugation was found to be a potential vector for gene delivery applications with good transfection and nuclear uptake properties, as proved by YOYO labelling of pDNA. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
175.
R.M. Deshpande A.A. Kelkar A. Sharma C. Julcour-Lebigue H. Delmas 《Chemical engineering science》2011,(8):1631
Biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene was performed using rhodium sulfoxantphos catalyst dissolved in [BuPy][BF4] ionic liquid. Preliminary experiments proved this system to retain the catalytic complex within the ionic liquid phase and to maintain a high selectivity towards the linear aldehyde (n:iso ratio of 30) over several cycles. Process parameter investigation showed a first order dependence of the initial rate with respect to the catalyst and 1-octene concentrations, but a more complex behavior with respect to hydrogen (fractional order) and carbon monoxide partial pressures (inhibition at high pressures). Different mathematical models were selected based on the trends observed and evaluated for data fitting. Also, rate models were derived from a proposed mechanism, using Christiansen matrix approach. To calculate concentrations of substrates in the catalytic phase as required by this kinetic modeling, solubility measurements were preformed for the gases (pressure drop technique), as well as for 1-octene and n-nonanal (thermogravimetry analysis). 相似文献
176.
Heterogeneous catalysts are now being tried extensively for biodiesel synthesis. These catalysts are poised to play an important role and are perspective catalysts in future for biodiesel production at industrial level. The review deals with a comprehensive list of these heterogeneous catalysts which has been reported recently. The mechanisms of these catalysts in the transesterification reaction have been discussed. The conditions for the reaction and optimized parameters along with preparation of the catalyst, and their leaching aspects are discussed. The heterogeneous basic catalyst discussed in the review includes oxides of magnesium and calcium; hydrotalcite/layered double hydroxide; alumina; and zeolites. Yield and conversion of biodiesel obtained from the triglycerides with various heterogeneous catalysts have been studied. 相似文献
177.
Inflammation is associated with cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, myocarditis and
congestive heart failure. Mast cells have been implicated in inflammation, but their precise role in cardiac inflammation
remains unclear. Mast cells contain a variety of pre-formed granule-associated mediators, including tryptase. We have previously
demonstrated that the majority of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes is membrane-associated, calcium-independent and selective for plasmalogen
phospholipids. We hypothesized that tryptase stimulation of rabbit ventricular myocytes would increase iPLA2 activity, leading to increased arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release. Isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes were stimulated with tryptase and iPLA2 activity, arachidonic acid and PGE2 release were measured. Tryptase stimulation increased iPLA2 activity after 5 min. Activation of iPLA2 was accompanied by increased arachidonic acid and PGE2 release in tryptase-stimulated myocytes. However no increase in platelet activating factor was observed with tryptase stimulation.
To distinguish between different iPLA2 isoforms in the myocardium, we pretreated ventricular myocytes with the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of bromoenol lactone (BEL) to selectively inhibit iPLA2γ and β respectively. Pretreatment with (R)-BEL resulted in complete inhibition of tryptase-stimulated iPLA2 activity, arachidonic acid and PGE2 release, suggesting the iPLA2γ is the predominant myocardial isoform activated by tryptase. These studies demonstrate that PGE2 release from tryptase stimulated rabbit ventricular myocytes is mediated primarily by iPLA2γ. 相似文献
178.
Reactions of unsaturated polyester resin and 4,4′ diphenyl methane diisocyanate were carried out at different NCO/OH ratios in presence of catalysts to form the hybrid polymer networks. Chain extender (1,4 butanediol) added in the hybrid network (NCO/OH ratio: 0.76) was optimized at a level of ~ 3 wt % only of the polyester resin. The curing of these networks was studied by a rigid body pendulum type (RPT) method in terms of reduced damping ratio and increased frequency. Lack of multiple glass transition temperatures, sharp Tan delta peak, and particulate composite type morphology clearly demonstrated the formation of phase mixed domains in the hybrid networks. The storage modulus and loss modulus master curves obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis indicate that hybrid polymer networks retained higher modulus at lower and intermediate frequencies over the polyester resin showing their superior time‐dependent response. Efficacy of these hybrid network resins was examined as matrices in the jute composites and compared with those of polyester resin and unsaturated polyester–polyurethane interpenetrating network matrices. It is found that the hybrid polymer network matrix composites exhibited superior physicomechanical properties under both dry and boiling water age test. Fractographic evidences such as fiber–matrix adhesion, hackle markings, and fiber breakage also supported their superior behavior over other composite matrices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
179.
Prabhat K. Gupta C. Sharma Sumana Bhattacharya A.P. Mitra 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2002,64(1-2):19-31
A comprehensive scientific assessment of CH4 budget estimation for Indian rice paddies, based on a decade of measurements in India, is presented. Indian paddy cultivation areas contain soils that have low to medium levels of soil organic carbon. The average seasonally integrated CH4 flux (E
sif) values calculated from these measurements were 15.3 ± 2.6 g m–2 for continuously flooded (CF), 6.9 ± 4.3 g m–2 for intermittently flooded (IF) single aeration (SA) and 2.2 ± 1.5 g m–2 for IF multiple aeration (MA) rice ecosystems. For CF and IF (MA) rice ecosystems having high soil organic carbon, without organic amendments, the CH4 flux (E
sif) may be increased by 1.7 times relative to low soil organic carbon, whereas it may enhance by 5.3 for CF if amended organically. Organic amendment and high soil organic carbon paddy areas do not alter the methane budget estimates for India (3.6±1.4 TgY–1) much, due to their small paddy harvested area. Methane estimated using average emission factors (E
sif) for all paddy water regimes, which include harvested areas having soils with high organic carbon and organic amendments, may give a budget of 5 TgY–1 for India. 相似文献
180.
Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of peanut oil 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Aparna Sharma S. K. Khare M. N. Gupta 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(3):215-218
Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of oil from oilseeds is a relatively recent technique. In the present study, peanut oil
was extracted under optimized aqueous extraction conditions using Protizyme™, which is predominantly a mixture of acid, neutral, and alkaline proteases. The optimal conditions were: enzyme concentration
of 2.5% (w/w) in 10 g of peanut seeds, pH 4.0, 40°C, and 18 h incubation with constant shaking at 80 rpm. Centrifuging the
mixture at 18,000 × g for 20 min separated the oil with a recovery of 86–92%. The merits of this process over existing solvent extraction and/or
mechanical pressing methods are discussed. 相似文献